Atom Interferometry (eBook)

Cover 1
Atom Interferometry 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Contributors 10
Preface 14
Chapter 1. Optics and Interferometry with Atoms and Molecules 20
I. Introduction 21
II. Beam Machine 23
III. Optics for Atoms and Molecules 28
IV. Interferometry with Atoms and Molecules 37
V. Atom Interferometry Techniques 49
VI. Measuring Atomic and Molecular Properties 58
VII. Fundamental Studies 70
VIII. Inertial Effects 84
IX. Outlook 90
Appendix: Frequently Used Symbols 95
References 98
Chapter 2. Classical and Quantum Atom Fringes 104
I. Introduction 104
II. Experimental Apparatus 105
III. Classical Atom Fringes: The Moire Experiment 109
IV. Quantum Fringes: The Interferometer 119
V. Comparing Classical and Quantum Fringes: The Classical Analog to an Interferometer 127
VI. Atoms in Light Crystals 131
References 137
Chapter 3. Generalized Talbot-Lau Atom Interferometry 140
I. Introduction 140
II. SBE Interferometry 141
III. GTL Interferometry vs. SBE Interferometry 142
IV. What Happens When Frauenhofer Diffraction Orders Overlap? 145
V. Historical Development of the Generalized Talbot Effect 149
VI. Spatial Properties of the Generalized Talbot Effect "Image" 151
VII. Wavelength Dependence of the Spatial Spectrum of the Fringe Intensity 152
VIII. The Lau Effect 154
IX. The Talbot Interferometer 155
X. Generalized Lens-Free Talbot-Lau Interferometers 155
XI. Fresnel Diffraction and the Talbot Effect with a Spatially Varying Potential 157
XII. GTL Atom Interferometry Experiments with K and Li2 159
XIII. Talbot Interferometer Using Na 162
XIV. "Heisenberg Microscope" Decoherence GTL Atom Interferometry 163
XV. Conclusions and Future Applications 166
Appendix: Kirchoff Diffraction with Spatially Varying V ( r ) 167
References 169
Chapter 4. Interferometry with Metastable Rare Gas Atoms 172
I. Introduction 172
II. Atomic Beam Source 172
III. Young's Double-Slit Experiment 177
IV. Holographic Manipulation of Atoms 180
V. Two-Atom Correlation 183
References 188
Chapter 5. Classical and Nonclassical Atom Optics 190
I. Introduction 190
II. Models and Notation 192
III. Atom Focusing and Applications 196
IV. Correlation Experiments with Atoms and Photons 209
V. Scheme for an Atomic Boson Laser 224
References 233
Chapter 6. Atom Interferometry and the Quantum Theory of Measurement 236
I. Introduction 236
II. Fundamental Physics and Atom Interferometers 238
III. The Stern-Gerlach Interferometer 259
IV. Conclusion 272
References 272
Chapter 7. Matter-Wave Interferometers: A Synthetic Approach 276
I. Physics of the Generalized Beam Splitter 276
II. Architecture of Interferometers 295
III. Sensitivity to Gravitational and Electromagnetic Fields: A Unified Approach through the Dirac Equation 300
IV. Conclusions and Directions of Future Progress 307
References 309
Chapter 8. Atom Interferometry Based on Separated Light Fields 312
I. Introduction 312
II. Theoretical Framework 318
III. Discussion of Different Types of Interferometers 331
IV. Experimental Realization of Borde Interferometry 337
V. Precision Determination of Physical Quantities 350
VI. Geometrical and Topological Phases 358
VII. Influence of the Quantum-Mechanical Measurement Process in the Interferometer 368
VIII. Applications of Atom Interferometry in Optical Frequency Standards 370
IX. Conclusions 377
References 377
Chapter 9. Precision Atom Interferometry with Light Pulses 382
I. Introduction 382
II. Interferometer Theory 384
III. Multiphoton Transitions 394
IV. Inertial Force Measurements 408
V. Photon-Recoil Measurement 414
VI. Experimental Techniques 417
VII. Conclusions 423
References 424
Chapter 10. Atom Interference Using Microfabricated Structures 426
I. Introduction 426
II. Qualitative Considerations 432
III. Talbot Effect 436
IV. Shadow Effect with Microfabricated Structures 443
V. Talbot-Lau Effect 456
VI. Talbot and Talbot-Lau Effects in a Thermal Atomic Beam 472
VII. Conclusions 480
Appendix 482
References 486
INDEX 488