Ultrashort Laser Pulse Phenomena (eBook)

Ultrashort Laser Pulse Phenomena 4
Copyright page 5
Table of contents 6
Preface 16
Preface to the First Edition 18
Chapter 1. Fundamentals 24
1.1. CHARACTERISTICS OF FEMTOSECOND LIGHT PULSES 24
1.2. PULSE PROPAGATION 43
1.3. INTERACTION OF LIGHT PULSES WITH LINEAR OPTICAL ELEMENTS 65
1.4. GENERATION OF PHASE MODULATION 67
1.5. BEAM PROPAGATION 69
1.6. NUMERICAL MODELING OF PULSE PROPAGATION 76
1.7. SPACE–TIME EFFECTS 79
1.8. PROBLEMS 80
BIBLIOGRAPHY 81
Chapter 2. Femtosecond Optics 84
2.1. INTRODUCTION 84
2.2. WHITE LIGHT AND SHORT PULSE INTERFEROMETRY 87
2.3. DISPERSION OF INTERFEROMETRIC STRUCTURES 93
2.4. FOCUSING ELEMENTS 105
2.5. ELEMENTS WITH ANGULAR DISPERSION 117
2.6. WAVE-OPTICAL DESCRIPTION OF ANGULAR DISPERSIVE ELEMENTS 147
2.7. OPTICAL MATRICES FOR DISPERSIVE SYSTEMS 153
2.8. NUMERICAL APPROACHES 159
2.9. PROBLEMS 159
BIBLIOGRAPHY 163
Chapter 3. Light–Matter Interaction 166
3.1. DENSITY MATRIX EQUATIONS 167
3.2. PULSE SHAPING WITH RESONANT PARTICLES 177
3.3. NONLINEAR, NONRESONANT OPTICAL PROCESSES 189
3.4. SECOND HARMONIC GENERATION (SHG) 195
3.5. OPTICAL PARAMETRIC INTERACTION 211
3.6. THIRD-ORDER SUSCEPTIBILITY 215
3.7. CONTINUUM GENERATION 225
3.8. SELF-FOCUSING 228
3.9. BEAM TRAPPING AND FILAMENTS 232
3.10. PROBLEMS 236
BIBLIOGRAPHY 238
Chapter 4. Coherent Phenomena 244
4.1. FROM COHERENT TO INCOHERENT INTERACTIONS 244
4.2. COHERENT INTERACTIONS WITH TWO- LEVEL SYSTEMS 248
4.3. MULTIPHOTON COHERENT INTERACTION 266
4.4. PROBLEMS 295
BIBLIOGRAPHY 296
Chapter 5. Ultrashort Sources I: Fundamentals 300
5.1. INTRODUCTION 300
5.2. CIRCULATING PULSE MODEL 316
5.3. EVOLUTION OF THE PULSE ENERGY 326
5.4. PULSE SHAPING IN INTRACAVITY ELEMENTS 337
5.5. CAVITIES 348
5.6. PROBLEMS 358
BIBLIOGRAPHY 360
Chapter 6. Ultrashort Sources II: Examples 364
6.1. SYNCHRONOUS MODE-LOCKING 364
6.2. HYBRID MODE-LOCKING 368
6.3. ADDITIVE PULSE MODE-LOCKING 369
6.4. MODE-LOCKING BASED ON NONRESONANT NONLINEARITY 372
6.5. NEGATIVE FEEDBACK 375
6.6. SEMICONDUCTOR-BASED SATURABLE ABSORBERS 379
6.7. SOLID-STATE LASERS 381
6.8. SEMICONDUCTOR AND DYE LASERS 394
6.9. FIBER LASERS 401
BIBLIOGRAPHY 409
Chapter 7. Femtosecond Pulse Amplification 418
7.1. INTRODUCTION 418
7.2. FUNDAMENTALS 419
7.3. NONLINEAR REFRACTIVE INDEX EFFECTS 429
7.4. CHIRPED PULSE AMPLIFICATION (CPA) 435
7.5. AMPLIFIER DESIGN 437
7.6. OPTICAL PARAMETRIC CHIRPED PULSE AMPLIFICATION (OPCPA) 449
7.7. PROBLEMS 450
BIBLIOGRAPHY 452
Chapter 8. Pulse Shaping 456
8.1. PULSE COMPRESSION 456
8.2. SHAPING THROUGH SPECTRAL FILTERING 474
8.3. PROBLEMS 477
BIBLIOGRAPHY 478
Chapter 9. Diagnostic Techniques 480
9.1. INTENSITY CORRELATIONS 481
9.2. INTERFEROMETRIC CORRELATIONS 482
9.3. MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES 489
9.4. PULSE AMPLITUDE AND PHASE RECONSTRUCTION 496
9.5. PROBLEMS 508
BIBLIOGRAPHY 509
Chapter 10. Measurement Techniques of Femtosecond Spectroscopy 514
10.1. INTRODUCTION 514
10.2. DATA DECONVOLUTIONS 516
10.3. BEAM GEOMETRY AND TEMPORAL RESOLUTION 517
10.4. TRANSIENT ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY 520
10.5. TRANSIENT POLARIZATION ROTATION 523
10.6. TRANSIENT GRATING TECHNIQUES 526
10.7. FEMTOSECOND RESOLVED FLUORESCENCE 532
10.8. PHOTON ECHOES 535
10.9. ZERO AREA PULSE PROPAGATION 538
10.10. IMPULSIVE STIMULATED RAMAN SCATTERING 541
10.11. SELF-ACTION EXPERIMENTS 549
10.12. PROBLEMS 551
BIBLIOGRAPHY 552
Chapter 11. Examples of Ultrafast Processes in Matter 554
11.1. INTRODUCTION 554
11.2. ULTRAFAST TRANSIENTS IN ATOMS 555
11.3. ULTRAFAST PROCESSES IN MOLECULES 559
11.4. ULTRAFAST PROCESSES IN SOLID- STATE MATERIALS 567
11.5. PRIMARY STEPS IN PHOTO–BIOLOGICAL REACTIONS 573
BIBLIOGRAPHY 576
Chapter 12. Generation of Extreme Wavelengths 580
12.1. GENERATION OF TERAHERTZ (THz) RADIATION 581
12.2. GENERATION OF ULTRAFAST X-RAY PULSES 588
12.3. GENERATION OF ULTRASHORT ACOUSTIC PULSES 591
12.4. GENERATION OF ULTRAFAST ELECTRIC PULSES 594
BIBLIOGRAPHY 598
Chapter 13. Selected Applications 602
13.1. IMAGING 602
13.2. SOLITONS 613
13.3. SENSORS BASED ON FS LASERS 621
13.4. STABILIZED MODE-LOCKED LASERS FOR METROLOGY 632
13.5. PROBLEM 639
BIBLIOGRAPHY 640
Appendix A. The Uncertainty Principle 646
Appendix B. Phase Shifts on Transmission and Reflection 648
B.1. THE SYMMETRICAL INTERFACE 648
B.2. COATED INTERFACE BETWEEN TWO DIFFERENT DIELECTRICS 649
Appendix C. Slowly Evolving Wave Approximation 652
BIBLIOGRAPHY 655
Appendix D. Four-Photon Coherent Interaction 656
BIBLIOGRAPHY 659
Appendix E. Kerr Lensing in a Cavity 660
E.1. ELEMENTARY KERR LENSING MODEL 660
E.2. EXAMPLE OF A NONLINEAR CAVITY AND GAUSSIAN BEAM ANALYSIS 661
Appendix F. Abbreviations for Dyes 666
List of Symbols 668
Index 670