Small-Format Aerial Photography (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Small-Format AerialPhotography 4
Copyright 5
Table of Contents 6
Dedication 9
Preface 10
Acknowledgements 12
Chapter 1Introduction to Small-Format Aerial Photography 14
OVERVIEW 14
BRIEF HISTORY 16
PHOTOGRAPHY AND IMAGERY 21
CONVENTIONAL AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 23
SFAP 24
SUMMARY 25
Chapter 2Basic Principles of Small-Format Aerial Photography 28
REMOTE SENSING 28
COMMON ASPECTS OF SFAP 29
PHOTOGRAPHIC STORAGE 33
SUMMARY 35
Chapter 3Photogrammetry 36
INTRODUCTION 36
GEOMETRY OF SINGLE PHOTOGRAPHS 36
GEOMETRY OF STEREOPHOTOGRAPHS 40
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSISOF PHOTOGRAPHS 47
SUMMARY 51
Chapter 4Lighting and Atmospheric Conditions 54
INTRODUCTION 54
MULTIVIEW-ANGLE EFFECTS 54
BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION 59
MULTISPECTRAL EFFECTS 60
LATITUDE AND SEASONAL CONDITIONS 62
CLOUDS 63
SHADOWS 66
SUMMARY 69
Chapter 5Photographic Composition 70
INTRODUCTION 70
BASIC ELEMENTS OF PHOTOGRAPHIC COMPOSITION 70
COMBINING COMPOSITIONAL ELEMENTS 76
PHOTOGRAPHS VS. HUMAN VISION 79
SUMMARY 79
Chapter 6Cameras for Small-Format Aerial Photogrammetry 82
INTRODUCTION 82
FILM CAMERA BASICS 82
DIGITAL CAMERA BASICS 82
CAMERA GEOMETRY AND LIGHT 86
COLOR-INFRARED PHOTOGRAPHY 89
CAMERA CAPABILITIES FOR SMALL-FORMAT AERIAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY 91
SUMMARY 93
Chapter 7Camera Mounting Systems 94
INTRODUCTION 94
CAMERA OPERATION 94
DETACHABLE MOUNTS 94
FIXED MOUNTS 101
SUMMARY 102
Chapter 8Platforms for Small-Format Aerial Photography 104
INTRODUCTION 104
MANNED LIGHT-SPORT AIRCRAFT 104
LIGHTER-THAN-AIR PLATFORMS 107
KITE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 116
DRONES FOR SFAP 122
PROS AND CONS OF DIFFERENT PLATFORMS 129
SUMMARY 131
Chapter 9SFAP Survey Planning and Implementation 132
INTRODUCTION 132
TRAVEL AND EQUIPMENT LOGISTICS 132
SITE ACCESSIBILITY ANDnbspCHARACTERISTICS 134
GROUND CONTROL 137
FLIGHT PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS 141
FLIGHT PLANNING EXAMPLE 142
FLIGHT PLANNING FOR OBLIQUE SFAP 145
LEGAL ISSUES 147
SUMMARY 150
Chapter 10Image Interpretation 152
INTRODUCTION 152
IMAGE INTERPRETABILITY 152
SFAP INTERPRETATION 154
SUMMARY 170
Chapter 11Image Processing and Analysis 172
INTRODUCTION 172
GEOMETRIC CORRECTIONAND GEOREFERENCING 172
IMAGE ENHANCEMENT 175
IMAGE TRANSFORMATIONS 182
IMAGE CLASSIFICATION 185
STEREOVIEWING AND PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ANALYSIS 187
SOFTWARE FOR SFAP ANALYSIS 193
SUMMARY 194
Chapter 12Glacial Geomorphology 196
INTRODUCTION 196
GLACIAL EROSION 196
GLACIAL DEPOSITION 200
GLACIAL DEFORMATION 201
SUMMARY 204
Chapter 13Gully Erosion Monitoring 206
INTRODUCTION 206
STUDY SITES AND SURVEY 207
GULLY MAPPING AND CHANGE ANALYSIS 207
SUMMARY 213
Chapter 14Wetland Environments 214
OVERVIEW 214
RAISED BOGS, ESTONIA 215
PRAIRIE MARSHES AND PLAYAS, KANSAS 219
SUMMARY 225
Chapter 15Biocontrol of Salt Cedar 226
SALT CEDAR PROBLEM 226
USBR STUDY SITE 227
ANALYSIS OF KAP RESULTS 229
SUMMARY 229
Chapter 16Vegetation and Erosion 232
INTRODUCTION 232
MONITORING VEGETATIONAND EROSION TEST SITES 233
INFLUENCE OF GRAZINGON VEGETATION COVER 237
COMBATING DESERTIFICATIONAND SOIL DEGRADATION 237
SUMMARY 241
Chapter 17Soil Mapping and Soil Degradation 242
INTRODUCTION 242
SOILS AND LONG-TERM HUMAN LAND USE 243
SUMMARY 244
Chapter 18 Architecture and Property Management 246
INTRODUCTION 246
NELSON-ATKINS MUSEUM OF ART, KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI 248
PROPERTY MANAGEMENT, LAKEnbspKAHOLA, KANSAS 252
SUMMARY 254
Chapter 19Golf Course Management 256
OVERVIEW 256
GARDEN CITY, KANSAS 257
SUMMARY 258
Combined References 260
Index 270