Characterization of Porous Solids VII (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Title Page 4
Copyright Page 5
Foreward 6
Table of Contents 8
Effect of pore morphology and topology on capillary condensation in nanoporei: a theoretical and molecular simulation study 16
1. ABSTRACT 16
2. INTRODUCTION 16
3. COMPUTATIONAL DETAILS 20
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 20
5. CONCLUSION 22
REFERENCES 23
Density Functional Theory Model of Adsorption on Amorphous and Microporous Solids 24
1. INTRODUCTION 24
2. THEORY 26
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 27
4. CONCLUSIONS 30
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 30
REFERENCES 31
Thickness of Adsorbed Nitrogen Films in SBA-15 Silica from Small-Angle Neutron Diffraction 32
1. INTRODUCTION 32
2. EXPERIMENTAL 33
3. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 34
3. RESULTS 35
4. DISCUSSION 37
REFERENCES 39
Strong light scattering upon capillary condensation in silica aerogels 40
1. INTRODUCTION 40
2. EXPERIMENTAL 40
3. RESULTS 41
4. DISCUSSION 46
5. CONCLUSIONS 46
REFERENCES 47
Characterisation of porous solids from nanometer to micrometer range by capillary condensation 48
1. INTRODUCTION 48
2. EXPERIMENTAL ASPECTS 49
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 52
4. CONCLUSION 54
Acknowledgements 55
REFERENCES 55
Characterization of zeolite membrane quality by using permporosimetry 56
1. INTRODUCTION 56
2. EXPERIMENTAL 57
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 59
4. CONCLUSION 63
REFERENCE 63
Is the BET equation applicable to microporous adsorbents? 64
1. INTRODUCTION 64
2. WHY NOT SIMPLY USE THE LANGMUIR EQUATION WHEN THE ADSORBENT IS KNOWN TO BE MICROPOROUS? 64
2. WHY IS THE BET METHOD ALSO LIMITED IN CASE OF MICROPOROUS MATERIALS? 65
3. IS THE BET "MONOLAYER CAPACITY" OF A MICROPOROUS MATERIAL A REPRODUCIBLE QUANTITY? 65
4. IS THE BET APPROACH REASONABLY SUPPORTED BY CALORIMETRY? 67
5. FINALLY, IN THE PRESENCE OF MICROPORES, CAN THE BET EQUATION BE MEANINGFUL AND USEFUL? 69
6. CONCLUSIONS 70
REFERENCES 71
A new classification of pore sizes 72
1. INTRODUCTION 72
2. BACKGROUND 72
3. NEW PORE SIZE CLASSSIFICATION 74
4. CONCLUDING REMARKS 76
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 76
REFERENCES 77
Characterization of nanoporous carbons 78
1. INTRODUCTION 78
2. THEORY 79
3. EXPERIMENTAL 80
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 81
5. CONCLUSIONS 85
6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 85
REFERENCES 85
Adsorption and neutron scattering studies: a reliable way to characterize both the mesoporous MCM-41 and the filling mode of the adsorbed species 86
1. INTRODUCTION 86
2. EXPERIMENTAL SECTION 87
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 87
4. CONCLUSION 93
REFERENCES 93
Absolute assessment of adsorption-based microporous solid characterisation methods 94
1. INTRODUCTION 94
2. ABSOLUTE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY 94
3. STUDY DETAILS 95
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 97
5. CONCLUSIONS 100
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 101
REFERENCES 101
Molecular Modeling of Mercury Porosimetry 102
Abstract 102
1. Introduction 102
2. Models and Methods 103
3. Application to porous glasses 105
4. Conclusions 108
Acknowledgement 109
REFERENCES 109
Predicting ambient temperature adsorption of gases in active carbons 110
ABSTRACT 110
1. INTRODUCTION 110
2. MOLECULAR MODELS 111
3. PREDICTION OF PURE GAS ADSORPTION 113
4. DISCUSSION 117
REFERENCES 118
Characterisation of periodic mesoporous silicas using molecular simulation 120
1 INTRODUCTION 120
2 KINETIC MONTE CARLO-BASED MODEL FOR MCM-41 121
3 PORE NETWORK MODEL FOR SBA-2 123
4 DISCUSSION 126
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 126
REFERENCES 126
Structural characterization of porous carbonaceous materials using high-pressure adsorption measurements 128
1. INTRODUCTION 128
2. THEORITICAL DEVELOPMENT 129
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 133
4. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 135
REFERENCES 135
Microcalorimetric Characterization of Hydrogen Adsorption on Nanoporous Carbon Materials 136
1. INTRODUCTION 136
2. EXPERIMENTAL 137
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 137
4. CONCLUSION 143
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 143
REFERENCES 143
Effect of thermal treatments on the surface chemistry of oxidized activated carbons 144
1. INTRODUCTION 144
2. EXPERIMENTAL 145
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 145
4. CONCLUSIONS 150
REFERENCES 151
Digital reconstruction of silica gels based on small angle neutron scattering data 152
1. ABSTRACT 152
2. INTRODUCTION 152
3. MATERIALS 153
4. SMALL ANGLE NEUTRON SCATTERING 153
5. DIGITAL REPRESENTATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF BIPHASIC MEDIA 155
6. DETERMINATION OF SORPTION PROPERTIES (S4 gel) 157
7. CONCLUSIONS 158
REFERENCES 159
The impact of mesoporosity on microporosity assessment by CO2 adsorption, revisited 160
1. INTRODUCTION 160
2. EXPERIMENTAL 162
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 163
4. CONCLUSIONS 167
Acknowledgements 167
REFERENCES 167
A Monte Carlo study of capillary condensation of krypton within realistic models of templated mesoporous silica materials 168
1. ABSTRACT 168
2. INTRODUCTION 168
2. SIMULATION DETAILS 169
3. RESULTS 170
4. CONCLUSIONS 174
REFERENCES 175
Using molecular simulation to characterise metal-organic frameworks and judge their performance as adsorbents 176
1. INTRODUCTION 176
2. SIMULATION DETAILS 177
3. RESULTS 178
4. CONCLUSIONS 182
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 183
REFERENCES 183
Stability of Porous Carbon Structures Obtained from Reverse Monte Carlo using Tight Binding and Bond Order Hamiltonians 184
1. INTRODUCTION 184
2. COMPUTATIONAL METHODOLOGY 185
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 186
4. CONCLUSIONS 190
5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 191
6. REFERENCES 191
Simulation of mercury porosimetry using MRI images of porous media 192
Abstract 192
1. INTRODUCTION 192
2. THEORY 193
3. EXPERIMENTAL 195
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 196
5. CONCLUSIONS 199
REFERENCES 199
Adsorption and microcalorimetric measurements on activated carbons prepared from Polyethylene Terephtalate 200
1. ABSTRACT 200
2. INTRODUCTION 200
3. EXPERIMENTAL 201
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 202
CONCLUSIONS 207
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 207
REFERENCES 207
Compressing some sol-gel materials reduces their stiffness: a textural analysis 208
1. INTRODUCTION 208
2. EXPERIMENTAL SECTION 209
3. RESULTS 210
4. DISCUSSION 212
5. CONCLUSIONS 215
Acknowledgements 215
REFERENCES 215
Characterisation of new Pd / hierarchical maero-mesoporous ZrO2, TiO2 and ZrO2-TiO2 catalysts for toluene total oxidation 216
1. INTRODUCTION 216
2. SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATIONS 217
CONCLUSION 223
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 223
REFERENCES 223
Characterisation of palladium supported on exchanged BEA and FAII zeolites for VOCs catalytic oxidation 224
1. INTRODUCTION 224
2. EXPERIMENTAL 224
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 226
4. CONCLUSION 231
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 231
REFERENCES 231
Comparison of transport characteristics and textural properties of porous material the role of pore sizes and their distributions
ABSTRACT 232
1. INTRODUCTION 232
2. EXPERIMENTAL 233
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 236
4. CONCLUSIONS 238
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 238
Effect of noble metal deposition in zeolitic structures on their adsorption capacities 240
1. INTRODUCTION 240
2. MATERIALS SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION 241
3. ADSORPTION STUDY 242
4. CONCLUSIONS 247
5. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 247
REFERENCES 247
Influence of the Bcntonite/Titania ratio on the textural characteristics of incorporated ceramics for photocatalytic destruction of volatile organic compounds 248
1. INTRODUCTION 248
2. EXPERIMENTAL 249
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 250
4. CONCLUSIONS 254
Acknowledgements 254
REFERENCES 254
Simultaneous Determination of Intrinsic Adsorption and Diffusion of n-Butane in Activated Carbons by using the TAP Reactor 256
1. INTRODUCTION 256
2. MATERIAL AND METHODS 257
3. RESULTS 259
4. DISCUSSION 260
5. CONCLUSIONS 262
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 262
REFERENCES 262
Porous carbon deposits in controlled fusion reactor: adsorption properties and structural characterization 264
1. INTRODUCTION 264
2. EXPERIMENTAL PART AND METHODS 264
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: 266
4. CONCLUSION 270
REFERENCES 271
Characterization of the porosity of a microporous model carbon 272
1. INTRODUCTION 272
2. THE MODEL CARBON 273
3. THE REAL PSD OF THE MODEL CARBON BY ETHING PROCEDURE 273
4. ANALYSIS OF THE MODEL CARBON IN TERMS OF THE INTERSECTING CAPPILLARIES MODEL 273
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 275
5. CONCLUSIONS 279
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 279
REFERENCES 279
Qualitative assessment of the purity of multi-walled carbon nanotube samples using krypton adsorption 280
1. INTRODUCTION 280
2. EXPERIMENTAL SECTION 281
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 283
4. CONCLUSION 285
Acknowledgements 286
REFERENCES 286
Study of the Anomalous Behaviour of MFI Zeolites Towards Nitrogen Adsorption 288
2. INTRODUCTION 288
3. EXPERIMENTAL 289
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 289
REFERENCES 293
Characterization of alkaline post-treated ZSM-5 zeolites by low temperature nitrogen adsorption 294
1. INTRODUCTION 294
2. EXPERIMENTAL 295
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 296
4. CONCLUSIONS 299
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 299
REFERENCES 300
Kureha activated carbon characterized by the adsorption of light hydrocarbons 302
1. INTRODUCTION 302
2. EXPERIMENTAL 303
3. RESULTS AND DISSCUSSION 304
4. CONCLUSIONS 309
REFERENCES 309
Water adsorption/desorption isotherms for characterization of microporosity in sandstone and carbonate rocks 310
1. INTRODUCTION 310
2. EXPERIMENTAL 311
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 313
4. CONCLUSION 316
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 317
REFERENCES 317
Determination of pore-size distributions of highly-connected networks with assisted-filling characteristics 318
1. INTRODUCTION 318
2. SIMULATION OF 3-D POROUS NETWORKS 321
3. N2 SORPTION RESULTS 322
4. MERCURY POROSIMETRY RESULTS 323
5. CONCLUSIONS 325
REFERENCES 325
Large-scale simulations of poly(propylene oxide)amine/Na+-montmorillonite and poly(propylene oxide)... 326
1. INTRODUCTION 326
2. METHODOLOGY 327
3. RESULTS 328
4. DISCUSSION 331
5. CONCLUSION 332
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 332
REFERENCES 332
A comparison of characterization methods based on N2 and CO2 adsorption for the assessment of the pore size distribution of carbons 334
1. INTRODUCTION 334
2. EXPERIMENTAL 335
3. RESULTS AMD DISCUSSION 336
4. CONCLUSIONS 340
REFERENCES 341
Adsorption of nitrogen, hydrogen and carbon dioxide on alumina-pillared clays 342
1. INTRODUCTION 342
2. EXPERIMENTAL 343
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 344
4. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 347
5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 347
REFERENCES 349
CH4 adsorption in Faujasite systems: Microcalorimetry and Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations 350
1. INTRODUCTION 350
2. EXPERIMENTAL 351
3. COMPUTATIONAL METHODOLOGY 352
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 353
CONCLUSIONS 356
REFERENCES 357
Amino-functionalized low density silica xerogels seen by different characterization methods 358
1. INTRODUCTION 358
2. EXPERIMENTAL 358
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 360
4. CONCLUSIONS 364
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 365
REFERENCES 365
CO2 adsorption in synthetic hard carbons 366
1. INTRODUCTION 366
2. EXPERIMENTAL 366
3. RESULTS 367
4. DISCUSSION 370
5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 370
REFERENCES 371
Characterisation of Nanoporous Aluminosilicate Monoliths Derivatised with Metal Cations for Selective Propene-Propane Adsorption 372
1. INTRODUCTION 372
2. EXPERIMENTAL 373
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 374
Acknowledgments 379
REFERENCES 379
Comparison of nitrogen and carbon dioxide as molecular probes of low surface area carbonaceous materials 380
1. INTRODUCTION 380
2. METHODOLOGY 381
3. RESULTS 384
4. DISCUSSION 388
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 389
REFERENCES 389
Water sorption in hydrophobic porous materials: isotherm shapes and their meanings for the mesoporous MCM-41 and the microporous AIPO4-5 390
1. INTRODUCTION 390
2. EXPERIMENTAL SECTION 392
3. RESULTS 392
4. CONCLUSIONS 396
REFERENCES 397
Uncertainty in alpha s analyses and pore volumes propagated from uncertainty in gas adsorption data 398
1. INTRODUCTION 398
2. EXPERIMENTAL 399
3. UNCERTAINTY IN alphaS-DATA AND PORE VOLUMES 399
4. CONCLUSION 403
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 403
REFERENCES 403
Uncertainty in amount adsorbed and surface excess from uncertainty in high-pressure gas adsorption data 404
1. INTRODUCTION 404
2. EXPERIMENTAL 405
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 406
4. CONCLUSIONS 410
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 410
REFERENCES 411
A new methodology to characterize the porosity of Y zeolites by liquid chromatography 412
1. INTRODUCTION 412
2. METHODOLOGY 412
3. EXPERIMENTAL 415
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 418
5. CONCLUSIONS 421
REFERENCES 421
Study of the microporous texture of active carbons by Small Angle Neutron Scattering 422
INTRODUCTION 422
1. PREPARATION AND ADSORPTIOMETRY 422
2. EXPERIMENTS 423
3. DISCUSSION 424
CONCLUSION 428
REFERENCES 428
Characterisation of nanostructured materials by combination of neutron scattering and 3D stochastic reconstruction techniques 430
1. INTRODUCTION 430
2. EXPERIMENTAL 431
3. EVALUATION OF THE SCATTERING DATA 432
4. REPRESENTATION OF THE POROUS STRUCTURE 432
5. RELATION BETWEEN SANS SPECTRUM AND AUTOCORRELATION FUNCTION 433
6. STOCHASTIC RECONSTRUCTION 433
7. CALCULATION OF PERMEABILITY 435
CONCLUSIONS 436
Acknowledgements 436
REFERENCES 437
Hydrogen storage in nanoporous carbons 438
1. INTRODUCTION 438
2. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 439
3. MONTE CARLO SIMULATION 440
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 441
5. CONCLUDING REMARKS 445
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 445
REFERENCES 445
Migration of siloxane polymer in ordered mesoporous MCM-41 silica channels 446
1. INTRODUCTION 446
2. EXPERIMENTAL 447
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 448
4. CONCLUSIONS 452
REFERENCES 452
The sorption dynamics of propane, i-butane and neopentane in carbon nanotubes 454
1. INTRODUCTION 454
2. EXPERIMENTAL SECTION 455
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 456
4. CONCLUSION 460
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 461
REFERENCES 461
Adsorption and diffusion kinetics of alkanes (C3 & C5) on different CaA adsorbents
1. INTRODUCTION 462
2. EXPERIMENTAL 462
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 463
CONCLUSION 467
REFERENCES 468
Transport properties of catalyst supports derived from a catalytic test reaction 470
1. INTRODUCTION 470
2. EXPERIMENTAL 471
3. RESULTS AND DIS 472
4. CONCLUSIONS 477
REFERENCES 477
Ellipsometric study of porosity distribution in hybrid silica-based sol-gel films 478
1. INTRODUCTION 478
2. EXPERIMENTAL 478
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 479
4. CONCLUSIONS 484
REFERENCES 484
Positronium annihilation study of as-synthesized MCM-41 silica under pressure 486
1. INTRODUCTION 486
2. EXPERIMENTAL 487
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 487
4. CONCLUSIONS 493
REFERENCES 493
Structure-adsorptive characteristics of template-based mesoporous silicas containing residues of some phosphorus acids derivatives in their surface layer 494
1. INTRODUCTION 494
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 494
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 496
4. CONCLUSIONS 500
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 500
REFERENCES 500
Melting of atomic layers in carbon nanotubes 502
1. INTRODUCTION 502
2. MELTING ALONG ISOTHERMS 503
3. THERMODYNAMIC PATHS OF MELTING 504
4. INFLUENCE OF THE WALL CORRUGATION ON THE MECHANISM OFMELTING 506
5. CONCLUSIONS 507
REFERENCES 509
Molecular simulation study on the structure of templated porous materials obtained from different inorganic precursors 510
1. INTRODUCTION 510
2. MODEL 511
3. SIMULATION METHOD 512
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 512
5. CONCLUSIONS 516
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 517
REFERENCES 517
The structure of high-pressure adsorbed fluids in slit-pores 518
1. INTRODUCTION 518
2. THEORY 519
3. SIMULATION 520
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 520
5. CONCLUSIONS 523
REFERENCES 524
Monte Carlo simulation of the isosteric heats - implications for the characterisation of porous materials 526
1. INTRODUCTION 527
2. ABSOLUTE AND EXCESS ADSORPTION 527
3. THE ISOSTERIC HEAT AND THE PSD 529
4. MOLECULAR MODELS 530
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 530
6. CONCLUSIONS 533
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 533
REFERENCES 533
Pore size distribution in microporous carbons obtained from molecular modeling and density functional theory 534
1. INTRODUCTION 534
2. THEORETHICAL APPROACH 535
3. EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 536
4. RESULTS 537
5. CONCLUSIONS 541
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 541
REFERENCES 541
Modeling Triblock Surfactant Templated Mesoporous Silicas (MCF and SBA-15): A Mimetic Simulation Study 542
2. INTRODUCTION 542
3. SIMULATION DETAILS 543
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 544
5. CONCLUSIONS 549
REFERENCES 549
Influence of temperature on water adsorption / desorption hysteresis loop in disordered mesoporous silica glass by Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulation method 550
1. INTRODUCTION 550
2. COMPUTATIONAL DETAILS 551
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 554
4. CONCLUSION 555
ACKNOWLEDGMENT. 555
REFERENCES 555
Determination of pore size distribution in microporous carbons based on CO2 and H2 sorption data 558
1. INTRODUCTION 558
2. EXPERIMENTAL 560
3. SIMULATION MODEL 560
4. MICROPORE SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS 562
5. CONCLUSIONS 564
REFERENCES 565
Assessment of the development of the pore size distribution during carbon activation: a population balance approach 566
1. INTRODUCTION 566
2. PRODUCTION 567
3. CHARACTERISATION 567
4. POPULATION BALANCE METHOD 568
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 569
6. CONCLUSIONS 573
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 573
REFERENCES 573
Chemically modified nanoporous carbons obtained using template carbonization method 574
1. INTRODUCTION 574
2. EXPERIMENTAL 575
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 576
4. CONCLUSIONS 580
Acknowledgments 581
REFERENCES 581
Influence of the synthesis conditions on the pore structure and stability of MCM-41 materials containing aluminium or titanium 582
1. INTRODUCTION 582
2. EXPERIMENTAL 583
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 583
4. CONCLUSIONS 589
Acknowledgements 589
REFERENCES 589
Effect of oxidizing agent on activated carbon cloth porosity and surface chemistry 590
1. INTRODUCTION 590
2. EXPERIMENTAL 590
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 591
4. CONCLUSIONS 597
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 597
REFERENCES 597
Study of the efficiency of monolithic activated carbon adsorption units 598
1. INTRODUCTION 598
2. EXPERIMENTAL 599
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 601
4. CONCLUSIONS 605
Acknowledgements 605
REFERENCES 605
Amino functionalisation of microemulsion templated mesoporous silica foams 606
1. INTRODUCTION 606
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 607
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 609
4. CONCLUSIONS 612
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 613
REFERENCES 613
Effect of activation process on resin based activated carbons 614
1. INTRODUCTION 614
2. EXPERIMENTAL 615
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 616
4. CONCLUSIONS 621
References 621
Highly microporous carbons prepared by activation of kraft lignin with KOH 622
1. INTRODUCTION 622
2. EXPERIMENTAL 623
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSION 624
4. CONCLUSIONS 628
REFERENCES 628
Preparation and Characterization of Nanoporous Ternary Mixed Cerium Oxides 630
1. INTRODUCTION 630
2. EXPERIMENTAL 631
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 632
REFERENCES 635
Preparation and dynamic adsorption properties of activated carbons with tailored micro- and mesoporosity 636
1. INTRODUCTION 636
2. EXPERIMENTAL 636
3. RESULTS 638
4. DISCUSSION 641
5. CONCLUSIONS 642
REFERENCES 643
Preparation of functionally graded alumina ceramic materials with controlled porosity 644
1. INTRODUCTION 644
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 645
3. EXPERIMENT 645
4. DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSION 651
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 652
REFERENCES 652
Preparation of Mesoporous Ceria in the Presence of Non-Aqueous Phases 654
1. INTRODUCTION 654
2. EXPERIMENTAL 654
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 655
REFERENCES 659
Preparation and Characterization of Nanoporous Solids with Composition CexMn1-xO2-y With x Values 0 to 1 660
1. INTRODUCTION 660
2. EXPERIMENTAL 661
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 662
REFERENCES 665
Thermal stability of ion exchange and adsorption properties of titania gels prepared from titanous chloride and hydrogen peroxide 666
1. INTRODUCTION 666
2. EXPERIMENTAL 667
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 668
4. CONCLUSIONS 674
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 674
RRFERENCES 674
In-situ SAXS on Transformations of Mesoporous and Nanostructured Solids 676
1. INTRODUCTION 676
2. THEORY 676
3. EXPERIMENTAL 678
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 678
5. CONCLUSION 680
REFERENCES 680
Confinement effects on freezing of binary mixtures 682
1. INTRODUCTION 682
2. EXPERIMENTAL AND SIMULATION METHODS 683
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 684
4. CONCLUSIONS 689
REFERENCES 689
New equipment for characterization of nanofiltration membranes 690
1. INTRODUCTION 690
2. MEASURING PROCEDURE AND EXAMPLES OF RESULTS 691
3. CONCLUSION 694
REFERENCES 695
The porous structure of biodegradable scaffolds obtained with supercritical CO2 as foaming agent 696
ABSTRACT 696
1. INTRODUCTION 696
2. MATERIAL AND METHODS 697
3. RESULTS 698
4. DISCUSSION 701
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 702
REFERENCES 702
Detection of specific electronic interactions at the interface aromatic hydrocarbon-graphite by immersion calorimetry 704
1. INTRODUCTION 704
2. EXPERIMENTAL 705
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 706
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 710
REFERENCES 710
Characterization and modelling of argillaceous porous medium by compressional and shear acoustic waves 712
1. INTRODUCTION 712
2. THEORITECAL BACKGROUND 712
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 714
EXAMPLE OF P AND S VELOCITIES MODELLING IN ARGILLACEOUS SEDIMENTS 717
5. CONCLUSION 718
REFERENCES 719
Modelisation and circulation of fluids in geological porous systems. Images analyzing and mercury porosimetry 720
1. INTRODUCTION 720
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 721
3. THEORY 721
4. FLUID PROGRESSION SIMULATION IN POROUS SURFACE IMAGE 722
5. RESULTS 725
6. CONCLUSION AND PROSPECTS 727
REFERENCES 727
Electrical behaviour of saturated and unsaturated geological carbonate porous systems 728
I. INTRODUCTION 728
II. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 729
III. SAMPLE DATA BASE 730
IV. EXPERIMENTAL SETTING AND PROCEDURES 730
V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 732
VI. CONCLUSION 734
REFERENCES 734
Author Index 736
Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis 740