Aerodynamics for Engineering Students (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Aerodynamics for Engineering Students 2
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Preface 14
Chapter 1. Basic concepts and definitions 16
Preamble 16
1.1 Units and dimnensions 16
1.2 Relevant properties 19
1.3 Aeronautical definitions 30
1.4 Dimensional analysis 34
1.5 Basic aerodynamics 41
Excercises 65
Chapter 2. Governing equations of fluid mechanics 67
Preamble 67
2.1 Introduction 67
2.2 One-dimensional flow: the basic equations 71
2.3 The measurement of air speed 77
2.4 Two-dimensional flow 83
2.5 The stream function and streamline 88
2.6 The momentum equation 93
2.7 Rates of strain, rotational flow and vorticity 98
2.8 The Navier-Stokes equations 104
2.9 Properties of the Navier-Stokes equations 106
2.10 Exact solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations 110
Excercises 116
Chapter 3. Potential flow 119
Preamble 119
3.1 Introduction 119
3.2 Laplace's equation 124
3.3 Standard flows in terms of delta and thita 125
3.4 Axisymmetric flow (inviscid and incompressible flows) 152
3.5 Computational (panel) methods 162
A computational routine in FORTRAN 77 167
Excercises 170
Chapter 4. Two-dimensional wing theory 174
Preamble 174
4.1 Introduction 174
4.2 The developmnet of aerofoil theory 184
4.3 The general thin aerofoil theory 186
4.4 The solution of the general equation 191
4.5 The flapped aerofoil 197
4.6 The jet flap 200
4.7 The normal force and pitching moment derivatives due to pitching 201
4.8 Particular camber lines 205
4.9 Thickness problem for thin-aerofoil theory 211
4.10 Computational (panel) method for two-dimensional liftning flows 215
Excercises 222
Chapter 5. Finite wing theory 225
Preamble 225
5.1 The vortex system 226
5.2 Laws of vortex motion 229
5.3 The simplified horseshoe vortex 237
5.4 Vortex sheets 242
5.5 Relationship between spanwise loading and trailing vorticity 249
5.6 Determination of the load distribution on a given wing 264
5.7 Swept and delta wings 272
5.8 Computational (panel) methods for wings 284
Excercises 285
Chapter 6. Compressible flow 288
Preamble 288
6.1 Introduction 289
6.2 Isentropic one-dimensional flow 290
6.3 One-dimensional flow: weak waves 309
6.4 One-dimensional flow: plane normal shock waves 311
6.5 Mach waves and shock waves in two-dimensional flow 322
6.6 Mach waves 322
6.7 Shock waves 333
6.8 Wings in compressible flow 346
Excercises 387
Chapter 7. Viscous flow and boundary layers 388
Preamble 388
7.1 Introduction 388
7.2 The development of the boundary layer 390
7.3 The boundary-layer equations 395
7.4 Boundary-layser separation 411
7.5 Flow past cylinders and spheres 414
7.6 The momentum integral equation 423
7.7 Approximate methods for a boundary layer on a flat plate with zero pressure gradient 429
7.8 Additional examples of the application of the momentum integral equation 443
7.9 Laminar-turbulent transition 446
7.10 The physics of turbulent boundary layers 452
7.11 Computational methods 470
7.12 Estimation of profile drag from velocity profile in wake 483
7.13 Some boundary-layer effects in supersonic flow 488
Excerecises 497
Chapter 8. Flow control and wing design 500
Preamble 500
8.1 Introduction 500
8.2 Maximizing lift for single-element aerofoils 501
8.3 Multi-element aerofoils 507
8.4 Boundary layer control for the prevention of separation 520
8.5 Reduction of skin-friction drag 529
8.6 Reduction of form drag 537
8.7 Reduction of induced drag 537
8.8 Reduction of wave drag 540
Chapter 9. Propellers and propulsion 542
Preamble 542
9.1 Froude's momentum theory of propulsion 542
9.2 Airscrew coefficients 548
9.3 Airscrew pitch 553
9.4 Blade element theory 556
9.5 The momentum theory applied to the helicopter rotor 564
9.6 The rocket motor 567
9.7 The hovercraft 573
Exercises 576
Appendix 1: symbols and notation 578
Appendix 2: the international standard atmosphere 582
Appendix 3: a solution of integrals of the type of Glauert's integral 584
Appendix 4: conversion of imperial units to systeme international (SI) units 587
Bibliography 589
Index 592