Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics 4
Copyright Page 5
CONTENTS 6
Preface 8
Contributors 10
Future Contributions 12
Chapter 1. Photometric Stereo: An Overview 16
1. Introduction 17
2. Definitions 18
3. Radiometry and Image Formation Overview 21
4. Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function 24
5. Reflectance Models 26
6. Surface-Recovering Methods 32
7. Color Photometric Stereo [Assumption (1)] 41
8. Photometric Stereo with Highlights and Shadows [Assumptions (4) and (5)] 41
9. Photometric Stereo with an Extended Light Source [Assumption (2)] 43
10. Dynamic Photometric Stereo and Motion [Assumption (6)] 45
11. Perspective Photometric Stereo [Assumption (3)] 48
12. Photometric Stereo Error Analysis 53
13. Optimal Illumination Configuration for Photometric Stereo 61
14. Conclusions 66
Acknowledgments 67
References 67
Chapter 2. The Fourier Transform in Clifford Analysis 70
1. Introduction 71
2. The Clifford Analysis Toolkit 73
3. The Fractional Fourier Transform 101
4. The Clifford–Fourier Transform 110
5. Clifford Filters for Early Vision 158
6. The Cylindrical Fourier Transform 182
Acknowledgments 212
References 212
Chapter 3. Carbon Nanotube Electron Sources for Electron Microscopes 218
1. Introduction 219
2. Mounting of Individual Carbon Nanotubes with Closed Caps 220
3. TEM Investigations of Carbon Nanotube Electron Sources 223
4. The Electron Emission Process 228
5. Figure of Merit of Electron Optical Performance 231
6. Evaluation of the Use of Carbon Nanotube Electron Sources for Electron Microscopes 237
7. Specifications 244
8. Summary and Outlook 245
Acknowledgments 246
References 247
Chapter 4. Localized Waves: A Review 250
1. Localized Waves: A Scientific and Historical Introduction 251
2. A More Detailed Introduction 258
3. Complementary Material: A Historical Perspective (Theoretical and Experimental) 271
4. Structure of Nondiffracting Waves and Some Interesting Applications 292
5. “Frozen Waves” and Subluminal Wave Bullets 316
Acknowledgments 359
References 359
Contents of Volumes 151–155 370
Index 372