Advances in Virus Research (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Advances in Virus Research, Volume 47 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Chapter 1. Marburg and Ebola Viruses 10
I. Introduction 10
II. Epidemiology of Filoviruses 11
III. Biology of Filoviruses 27
IV. Clinical Virology 41
V. Pathology and Immunology 46
Note 51
References 51
Chapter 2. Molecular Characterization of Pestiviruses 62
I. Introduction 62
II. Pestiviruses: Diseases, Genomes, and Proteins 63
III. RNA Recombination: The Molecular Basis for Cytopathogenicity of Pestiviruses 77
IV. Large-Scale Jumps Instead of Tiny Steps: Considerations about Viral Evolution 120
References 122
Chapter 3. Principles of Molecular Organization, Expression, and Evolution of Closteroviruses: Over the Barriers 128
I. Introduction 128
II. Draft of Closterovirus Taxonomy 129
III. Biological Patterns and Cytopathic Effects 130
IV. Particle Structure: Closterovirus Are Rattlesnakes, Not Just Threads 133
V. Genome Organization and Functions of Gene Products in Closteroviruses 138
VI. Expression Strategy 148
VII. Evolution of Closteroviruses Genomes 156
VIII. Conclusions 161
References 162
Chapter 4. Comparison of the Replication of Positive-Stranded RNA Viruses of Plants and Animals 168
I. Introduction 168
II. Virus-Encoded Replication Proteins 172
III. Host Proteins in RNA Replication 214
IV. The Role of Memhranes in RNA Replication 218
V. Cis-Acting Nucleotide Sequences Required for RNA Replication 223
VI. Control of Asymnictric Positivc- and Negative-Strand Synthesis 242
VII. Concluding Remarks 244
References 245
Chapter 5. Trans-Activation of Cellular Genes by Hepatitis B Virus Proteins: A Possible Mechanism of Hepatocarcinogenesis 262
I. Introduction 262
II. The Hepatitis B Virus 264
III. Hepatocellular Carcinoma 278
IV. HBV Trans-Activators in Hepatocarcinogenesis 281
V. Future Research Directions and Clinical Perspectives 301
References 301
Chapter 6. Autonomous Parvovirus and Densovirus Gene Vectors 312
I. Introduction 312
II. Parvoviruses 314
III. Parvovirus Gene Vectors 326
IV. Summary and Prospects 344
References 347
Chapter 7. Virus-Induced Immunopathology 362
I. Introduction 362
II. Immunopathological Lesions Which Primarily Involve CD8+ T Cells 363
III. Immunopathological Reactions Primarily Involving CD4+ T Lymphocytes 367
IV. Immune Inflammatory Responses Involving Antibody 373
V. Viruses and Autoimmunity 374
VI. Control of Virus-Induced Immune Inflammatory Disease 376
VII. Conclusions 379
References 381
Chapter 8. Geographic and Molecular Epidemiology of Primate T Lymphotropic Retroviruses: HTLV-I, HTLV-II, STLV-I, STLV-PP, and PTLV-L 386
I. Introduction and Historical Background 386
II. Epidemiological Characteristics of the Different PTLVs 389
III. Genetic Structure of HTLV-I/II 391
IV. Methods Used in Molecular Epidemiology of PTLVs 394
V. HTLV-I 396
VI. STLV-I: Close Phylogenetic Relationship with HTLV-I 412
VII. HTLV-II 413
VIII. STLV-PP and PTLV-L 418
IX. Conclusions and Perspective: HTLV-I/II as Privileged Markers of Migration of Ancient Human Populations 420
References 421
Index 436