Advances in Cancer Research (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Advances in Cancer Research, Volume 70 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Contributors to Volume 70 10
Chapter 1. Foundations in Cancer Research: Fundamentals of Cancer Cell Biology 12
I. Introduction 12
II. Antecedents 13
III. Autobiographical Note 14
IV. Foundations of Tissue Culture 15
V. Foundations of Cell Culture 16
VI. Clones 16
VII. The Immortals: Stable Cell Lines 19
VIII. The Mortals: Cell Strains 19
IX. Food for Cells in Culture 20
X. Growth Factors 20
XI. Short-Range Cell Interactions 21
XII. Junctional Communication 22
XIII. Cell and Substrate Adhesion 23
XIV. The Tumor Viruses 23
XV. Cell Fusion 26
XVI. Conclusion 27
References 28
Chapter 2. Foundations in Cancer Research the Step-By-Step Development of Epithelial Cancer: From Phenotype to Genotype 32
I. Cancer Development as Basic to Cancer Research 33
II. Patterns of Development of Epithelial Cancers 34
III. A Working Hypothesis 38
IV. The Phenotypes 38
V. The Genotypes 51
VI. The Challenge 52
References 55
Chapter 3. Genetics of the Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome 60
I. Introduction 60
II. Clinicopathological Features of NBCCS 61
III. Genetics of NBCCS 63
IV. Strategies for Isolation of Candidate Genes 65
V. Discussion 68
References 70
Chapter 4. Transforming Growth Factor-ß System and Its Regulation by Members of the Steroid–Thyroid Hormone Superfamily 74
I. Introduction 74
II. Transforming Growth Factor-ß 75
III. Dual Effects of TGF-ß on Cell Proliferation 82
IV. Regulation of Cell Differentiation by TGF-ß 84
V. TGF-ß in the Regulation of the Immune System 84
VI. The Steroid–Thyroid Hormone Superfamily 86
VII. Steroid Hormone Regulation of TGF-ß Isoform Expression 90
VIII. Regulation of Plasminogen Activation by Steroids 95
IX. Summary 97
References 98
Chapter 5. c-Myc in the Control of Cell Proliferation and Embryonic Development 106
I. Introduction 107
II. The c-myc Gene 107
III. Structural and Functional Features of the c-Myc Protein 112
IV. c-Myc as a Transcription Factor 119
V. c-Myc and Cell Proliferation 127
VI. c-Myc in Embryonic Development 136
VII. c-Myc and Differentiation 139
VIII. c-Myc and Apoptosis 141
References 145
Chapter 6. Identification of the Genes Encoding Cancer Antigens: Implications for Cancer lmmunotherapy 156
I. Introduction 156
II. Methodology 158
III. Human Melanoma Antigens Recognized by T Cells 160
IV. Cancer Therapies Based on the Molecular Identification of Cancer Antigens 180
References 183
Chapter 7. The MEN II Syndromes and the Role of the ret Proto-oncogene 190
I. Introduction 191
II. The MEN II Syndromes 192
III. The ret Proto-oncogene 203
IV. Development of the Tissues Involved in MEN II, and Patterns of ret Expression 218
V. Speculations on How Different ret Mutations Result in the Associated Phenotypes and in Tumor Formation 222
VI. Other Events in Tumor Progression 224
VII. Animal Models of MEN II 224
VIII. Clinical Implications of the Identification of ret Mutations in MEN II 225
IX. Future Prospects 226
References 227
Index 234