Advances in Cancer Research (eBook)

Cover 1
Contents 6
Contributors to Volume 63 10
Chapter 1. Foundations in Cancer Research: Alone on the Heart of the Earth: An Immunogeneticist‘s Journey into the Past 12
I. Part One: The Uncertainty Principle 13
II. Part Two: Interrogating the Sphinx 21
III. Part Three: Points of View 43
References 48
Chapter 2. Foundations in Cancer Research: Hemopoietic Regulators and Leukemia Development: A Personal Retrospective 52
I. Introduction 52
II. Background and Early in Vivo Work 53
III. Hemopoietic Clonal Cultures 58
IV. Colony-Stimulating Factors 60
V. Biological Actions of the Colony-Stimulating Factors 63
VI. Myeloid Leukemic Cells in Culture 70
VII.Role of the Colony-Stimulating Factors in Initiation of Myeloid Leukemia 73
VIII. Membrane Receptors for Colonyy-Stimulating Factors 82
IX. Hemopoietic Regulators in the Context of Known Inducers of Leukemia 83
X. Role of Hemopoietic Regulators in Suppressing Myeloid Leukemia 87
XI. Recapitulation 93
XlI. The Future 96
References 97
Chapter 3. Map Kinases Erk1 and Erk2: Pleiotropic Enzymes in a Ubiquitous Signaling Network 104
I. Introduction 104
II. Homology of MAP Kinases with Proteinsin the Yeast Mating Pathway 108
III. Regulation of MAP Kinases 110
IV. Identification and Purification of MEK 113
V. Ras and Heterotrimeric G Proteins Regulate the ERK Network 116
VI. Protein-Protein Interactions That Regulate the MAP Kinase Cascade 117
VII. MAP Kinases Phosphorylate Upstream Components of the Cascade 118
VIII. Substrates of ERKl and ERK2 119
IX. ERKl and ERK2 Are Essential Regulators of Cell Function 122
References 123
Chapter 4. How DNA Viruses Perturb Functional MHC Expression to Alter Immune Recognition 128
I. MHC Expression and Immune Recognition of Viral Antigens by T Cells 129
II. Poxviruses 156
III. Adenoviruses 166
IV. Herpesviruses: The Cytomegalovirus Model 176
V. Hepatitis B Virus 184
VI. Papillomavirus 191
VII. Conclusions 196
References 201
Chapter 5. Viral Transformation of Human T Lymphocytes 222
I. Introduction 222
II. Transformation of Human T Helper Lymphocytes by Human T Cell Leukemia Virus 225
Ill. Developing a T-Lymphotropic Herpesvirus Vector 230
IV. Immortalization by Herpesvirus saimiri/HTLV Recombinants 232
V. Transformation of Human T Lymphocytes with Wild-Type Herpesvirus saimiri 234
VI. Growth Regulation and Antigen Specificity of Rhadinovirus-Transformed T Cell Lines and Clones 239
VII. Transforming Potential of the Herpesviral stp Oncogene 242
VIII. Concluding Remarks 247
References 248
Chapter 6. Lymphomagenesis in Akr Mice: B Cell Lymphomas as a Model of Tumor Dormancy 256
I. Introduction 256
II. Identification of Potential Lymphoma Cells in AKR Mice 260
Ill. Enhanced T Cell Lymphoma Development Pathways 264
IV. The Level of Dormant PLCs Following Prevention of Spontaneous T Cell Lymphoma Development 273
V. Maintenance and Termination of the B-PLC Dormant State 280
VI. Ly-I+ (CD5+) B Cell Lymphoma Characteristics 287
VII. Concluding Remarks 296
References 300
Chapter 7. The Tumor Biology of Gastrin and Cholecystokinin 306
I. Introduction 306
II. Definition of the Gastrin-Cholecystokinin Family 307
Ill. Normal Biology 312
IV. Tumor Biology 327
V. Requirement of Gastrin and Cholecystokinin Measurements in Oncology 342
VI. Methods for Measurement of Gastrin and Cholecystokinin 344
VII. Perspectives 347
References 348
Index 360