T Cell Subsets (eBook)

Cover 1
Advances in Immunology: T Cell Subsets: Cellular Selection, Commitment and Identity 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Contributors 10
Introduction 12
Chapter 1. Lineage Commitment and Developmental Plasticity in Early Lymphoid Progenitor Subsets 16
I. Introduction 16
II. Hematopoietic Stem Cells: Clonogenic Precursors of the Hematolymphoid System 17
III. Cell Fate Determination: How do HSCs Commit to Each of the Hematolymphoid Lineages? 18
IV. Overview of T and B Lymphoid Differentiation 21
V. Defining the Earliest Stage in Lymphoid Commitment: Isolation of Common Lymphoid Progenitors (CLPs) 22
VI. Is the CLP Stage Necessary for Adult Lymphoid Differentiation? 28
VII. Common Myeloid Progenitors as the Counterpart of CLPs 32
VIII. Lineage Priming by Promiscuous Gene Expression in Multipotent Stem and Progenitor Cells 33
IX. Lymphoid and Myeloid Promiscuity Demonstrated by Single-Cell Analyses 34
X. Fate Choices Made by Combinations of Instructive Signals at Lineage Promiscuous Stages 37
XI. Lineage Plasticity in Lymphoid Progenitors: Fate Choices are Reversible 43
XII. Comparison of Gene Expression Profiles among Early Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells 47
XIII. Early Lymphoid Progenitors can Differentiate into Antigen-presenting Dendritic Cells 48
XIV. Fetal Hematopoietic Progenitors are Not Fully Committed to the Lymphoid and Myeloid Fates 50
XV. Lymphoid- and Myeloid-restricted Progenitors in Human Bone Marrow 53
XVI. Clinical Relevance 54
XVII. Conclusion 54
References 55
Chapter 2. The CD4/CD8 Lineage Choice: New Insights into Epigenetic Regulation during T Cell Development 70
I. Introduction 70
II. Role of Coreceptors in T Cell Development 71
III. Regulation of CD4 Gene Expression 74
IV. Regulation of CD8 Gene Expression 92
V. Conclusion 101
References 101
Chapter 3. CD4/CD8 Coreceptors in Thymocyte Development, Selection, and Lineage Commitment: Analysis of the CD4/CD8 Lineage Decision 106
I. Introduction 106
II. Early Thymocyte Development 106
III. CD4 and CD8 Coreceptor Molecules on DP Thymocytes 110
IV. Selection and Commitment: Classical Models 114
V. Kinetic Signaling as an Alternative to Classical Models of Lineage Commitment 125
VI. Conclusions 136
References 136
Chapter 4. Development and Function of T Helper 1 Cells 148
I. Introduction 148
II. Factors Inducing the Development of Th1 Cells And Their Production of IFN-. 150
III. Role of Th1 Signaling Components in In Vivo Immune Responses 159
IV. Transcriptional Regulation for Th1 Cells Producing IFN-. 161
V. New Cytokines: What is Their Role in Th1 Cell Responses? 164
VI. Inherited Disorders of IL-12 and IFN-.-mediated Immunity: Clinical Outcomes of Defects in Th1 Development 166
References 168
Chapter 5. Th2 Cells: Orchestrating Barrier Immunity 178
I. Introduction: History and Definitions 178
II. Activation of IL-4 Expression in Naive CD4 T Cells 179
III. Stabilization of IL-4 Expression in T Cells 182
IV. Phenotype and Genotype Analysis of Th2 Cells 185
V. Mutations Impacting IL-4 Expression in T Cells 186
VI. Expression of IL-4 in Non-Th2 Cells 186
VII. Where Does Type 2 Immunity Operate? 192
VIII. Concluding Remarks 194
References 195
Chapter 6. Generation, Maintenance, and Function of Memory T Cells 206
I. Introduction 206
II. What Is a Memory Cell? 207
III. Where Do Memory CD8+ T Cells Come From? 213
IV. How Are Memory Cells Maintained? 227
V. Conclusions 235
References 236
Chapter 7. CD8+ Effector Cells 248
I. Effector Cells Defined 248
II. Secretion as the Mechanism of Effector Function 250
III. Cytotoxicity In Vivo 251
IV. Cytotoxicity In Vitro 253
V. Perforin-dependent Granule Exocytosis Pathway 253
VI. FasL/Fas Death Pathway 257
VII. Cytokine Secretory Effector Cells 258
VIII. CD8+ T Cell Differentiation 260
IX. Conclusions 264
References 265
Chapter 8. An Integrated Model of Immunoregulation Mediated by Regulatory T Cell Subsets 268
I. Introduction and Objectives 268
II. Historical Considerations: Clonal Selection Theory, Immunoregulation, and Regulatory T Cell Subsets 269
III. The T Cell Subsets which Mediate Suppression of the Immune Response 276
IV. An Integrated Model of Immunoregulation by NKT, CD4+CD25+, and Qa-1 Restricted CD8+ T Cell Subsets 292
References 296
Index 304
Contents of Recent Volumes 316
Color Plate Section 320