Advances in Immunology (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Advances in Immunology, Volume 74 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Contributors 10
Chapter 1. Biochemical Basis of Antigen-Specific Suppressor T Cell Factors: Controversies and Possible Answers 12
I. Introduction 12
II. Historical Background 12
III. Controversial Issues on Antigen-Specific TsF and Possible Answers 28
IV. Possible Roles of GIF as a Subunit of TsF 44
V. Discussion and Summary 62
References 66
Chapter 2. The Role of Complement in B Cell Activation and Tolerance 72
I. Introduction 72
II. Complement C3 Alters Fate of Antigen 72
III. Complement Enhancement of Humoral Immunity 76
IV. Negative Selection of Self-Reactive B Cells 83
V. Complement Deficiency and SLE 89
VI. Summary 93
References 94
Chapter 3. Receptor Editing in B Cells 100
I. Introduction 100
II. Receptor Selection versus Clonal Selection 100
III. Antigen Receptor Gene Assembly by V(D)J Recombination 100
IV. Recombination Signals and the 12/23 Rule 101
V. Ig Genes of Mouse and Man 102
VI. Secondary Rearrangements 103
VII. Recombinational Accessibility 105
VIII. Quasi-ordered Rearrangements 106
IX. Allelic Exclusion 107
X. Mechanisms of Allelic Exclusion 108
XI. Ig-L-Chain Allelic Exclusion 110
XII. Receptor Editing Monitored in Vivo in Transgenic Models of Immune Tolerance 111
XIII. Analysis of Receptor Editing in Gene-Targeted Antibody Gene Mice 113
XIV. Central B Cell Tolerance Is Associated with Developmental Block 115
XV. Locus Specificity of B Cell Receptor Editing 117
XVI. Developmental Stage Specificity of Receptor Editing 118
XVII. A Role for Receptor Editing in Receptor Diversification? 119
XVIII. Editing in Mature, Antigen-Reactive B Cells: Receptor Revision 119
XIX. Locus Specificity of Receptor Revision 121
XX. Potential Functions of Receptor Revision 122
XXI. Problems with the Receptor Selection Concept 123
XXII. Conclusion 125
References 125
Chapter 4. Chemokines and Their Receptors in Lymphocyte Traffic and HIV Infection 138
I. Introduction 138
II. Expanding Functional Implications of Chemokines 138
III. Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in Lymphocytes 140
IV. Chemokine-Mediated Signal Transduction 155
V. HIV Infection 157
References 168
Chapter 5. Escape of Human Solid Tumors from T-Cell Recognition: Molecular Mechanisms and Functional Significance 192
I. Introduction 192
II. Tumor Cell-Escape Mechanisms 201
III. Inadequacy of Tumor Cells as Targets 206
IV. Potential Role of HLA Class I Polymorphism in Tumor Cell Escape 237
V. Inhibitory Signals Provided by the Tumor Microenvironment 240
VI. Inadequate Immunogenicity of the Tumor Microenvironment 247
VII. Escaping Escape Mechanisms: Possible Immunological Alternatives 252
References 256
Chapter 6. The Host Response to Leishmania Infection 286
I. Introduction 286
II. The Parasite 288
III. The Host's Innate Response 292
IV. The Host's Adaptive Immune Response 296
V. Persistence 310
VI. Genetic Background of Resistance and Susceptibility 311
VII. Concluding Remarks 313
References 314
Index 330
Contents of Recent Volumes 338