Advances in Immunology (eBook)

Cover 1
Contents 6
Contributors 10
Chapter 1. Protein Degradation and the Generation of MHC Class I-Presented Peptides 12
I. Introduction 12
II. Protein Degradation 13
III. Antigen Presentation 32
IV. Conclusion 62
References 63
Chapter 2. Proteolysis and Antigen Presentation by MHC Class II Molecules 82
I. Introduction 82
II. Protease Activity in Antigen-Presenting Cells 84
III. Proteolytic Digestion of Ii 98
IV. Proteolytic Control of Vesicle Biogenesis and Class II Trafficking through the Endocytic Pathway 103
V. The Role of Ii in Regulating the Proteolytic Activities of APCs 105
VI. Antigen Processing 107
VII. Concluding Remarks 113
References 114
Chapter 3. Cytokine Memore of T Helper Lymphocytes 126
I. Introduction 126
II. Cytokine Signals in the Induction of T Cell Cytokine Memore 128
III. Key Transcription Factors in the Induction and Maintenance of Cytokine Memory 133
IV. Role of the Antigen-Presenting Cell in the Induction of Cytokine Memory 141
V. T Cell Receptor Signals in the Induction of Cytokine Memory 144
VI. Epigenetic Modifications of Cytokine Genes 149
VII. Stability and Plasticity of Cytokine Memory 156
VIII. Cytokine Memory as Part of T Cell Differentiation Programs 160
IX. Cytokine Memory of Memory T Cells 165
References 169
Chapter 4. Ig Gene Hypermutation: A Mechanism Is Due 194
I. Introduction 194
II. Mismatch Repair 194
III. The NickaseŽ 197
IV. The Role of Transcription 198
V. Hypermutation Is Generated by a DNA Polymerase 199
VI. Error-Prone DNA Polymerases 202
VII. More DNA Polymerases 205
VIII. Targeting to Non-Ig Genes 206
IX. AID 206
X. Conclusion 207
References 208
Chapter 5. Generalization of Single Immunological Experiences by ldiotypically Mediated Clonal Connections 214
I. Introduction 214
II. Idotypic Transformation of Single Immunological Experiences in the Adult 215
III. Transfer of Maternal Immunological Experience to the Offspring 234
IV . Conclusion 239
References 240
Chapter 6. The Aging of the Immune System 254
I. The Biological Aging Process 254
II. The Aging of the Immune System 259
III. The Consequences of Immune Senescence 274
IV. Modes of lntervention 279
V. Conclusion 282
References 284
Index 296