Membrane Permeability: 100 Years Since Ernest Overton (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Membrane Permeability: 100 Years since Ernest Overton 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Contributors 10
Tribute 12
Previous Volumes in Series 18
Chapter 1. Charles Ernest Overton’s Concept of a Cell Membrane 20
I. A Brief Biography of Ernest Overton 20
II. The Exchange of Solutes across the Cell Boundary 21
III. Meyer–Overton Theory of Narcosis 30
IV. Role of Cations in the Excitability Process 32
V. Overton’s Scientific Personality 36
References 37
Chapter 2. Structure and Physical Properties of the Lipid Membrane 42
I. Bilayers in Biological Membranes 42
II. Phase Behavior of Membrane Phospholipids 44
III. Structure of Phospholipid Bilayers 47
IV. Stability and Mechanical Properties of Bilayers 50
V. Interbilayer Interactions 51
VI. Roles of Specific Lipids in Membrane Bilayers 53
VII. Summary 56
References 56
Chapter 3. Insights from Computer Simulations into the Interactions of Small Molecules with Lipid Bilayers 68
I. Introduction 68
II. Methods of Simulation 71
III. Distribution of Solutes in a Bilayer 76
IV. Membrane Permeability of Small Molecules 88
V. Summary 91
References 92
Chapter 4. Membrane Permeability Barriers to Ionic and Polar Solutes 96
I. Introduction 96
II. Overton’s Concept of Membrane Permeability 97
III. Permeation by the Solubility-Diffusion Mechanism 98
IV. Permeation through Transient Pores 107
V. Proton Permeation 111
VI. Summary 112
References 113
Chapter 5. Water Permeation across Membranes 116
I. Introduction 116
II. Biophysics of Water Transport 117
III. Water Transport across Lipid Membranes 125
IV. Water Transport across Biological Membranes: Water Channels 126
V. Summary 134
References 135
Chapter 6. Membrane Events Involved in Volume Regulation 142
I. Introduction: Biological Role 143
II. Membrane Transport Mechanisms in Regulatory Volume Decrease (RVD) 145
III. Membrane Transport Systems Involved in Volume Regulatory Increase (RVI) 154
IV. Volume Sensing and Signal Transduction 159
V. Cytoskeleton and Cell Volume Regulation 176
VI. Summary 190
References 191
Chapter 7. Interaction of Natural and Model Peptides with Membranes 216
I. Introduction 216
II. Free Energy of Peptide Binding to Membranes 217
III. Factors Influencing Peptide Structure and Orientation in Membranes 231
IV. Summary 239
References 239
Chapter 8. Lateral Diffusion of Lipids and Proteins 248
I. Introduction 248
II. The Key Question 252
III. Theoretical Developments 253
IV. Factors Controlling Lateral Diffusion 263
V. Applications to Membranes 275
VI. Summary 285
References 287
Chapter 9. A Short History of Ion Channels and Signal Propagation 302
I. Introduction 302
II. Ionic Currents in Axons 303
III. Carriers, Pores, Gates, and Selectivity before Cloning 306
IV. The Age of Cloning 315
V. Summary 325
References 326
Chapter 10. Lipid Membrane and Ligand-Gated Ion Channels in General Anesthetic Action 330
I. Introduction 330
II. The Meyer–Overton Hypothesis and the Evolution of Lipid-Based Theories of Anesthesia 332
III. The Rise of Protein-Based Theories of Anesthetic Action 341
IV. Future Directions 356
V. Summary 361
References 363
Chapter 11. Plasma Membrane-Localized Signal Transduction 370
I. Introduction 370
II. Membrane Receptor-Mediated Signaling: Biochemical Mechanisms 372
III. Signal Amplification 397
IV. The Plasma Membrane as an Integration Site for Signal Transduction 400
V. Summary 405
References 405
Chapter 12. Active Transport and Pumps 416
I. Introduction 416
II. Pumps 420
III. Summary 432
References 433
Index 438