Advances in Geophysics (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Advances in Geophysics, Volume 19 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
List of Contributors 8
Chapter 1. Precipitation Augmentation from Cumulus Clouds and Systems: Scientific and Technological Foundations 10
1. Introduction 10
2. Assessment of the Scientific Basis for the Modification of Cumulus Clouds and Systems 12
3. Assessment of the Technological Basis for the Modification of Cumulus Clouds and Systems 40
4. Summary and Conclusions 61
Appendix . Summary of Cumulus Model Simulations 62
References 73
Chapter 2. The Properties of Atmospheric Aerosol Particles as Functions of the Relative Humidity at Thermodynamic Equilibrium with the Surrounding Moist Air 82
1. Introduction 83
2. Theoretic Evaluation of Mass, Size, Mean Density, and Mean Refractive Index as Functions of the Relative Humidity 85
3. Sampling Method 111
4. Measuring Techniques 113
5. Results of the Measurements 122
6. Model Computations and Approximation Formulas Based upon Measured Properties 129
7. Concluding Remarks 189
List of Symbols 190
References 192
Chapter 3. A Three-Dimensional Model for the Numerical Simulation of Estuaries 198
1. Introduction 198
2. Governing Equations 201
3. The Numerical Model 229
4. Test Cases 273
5. Simulation of Chesapeake Bay 296
List of Symbols 314
References 315
Subject Index 320