Advances in Geophysics (eBook)

Cover 1
Atmospheric Diffusion and Air Pollution 4
Copyright Page 5
TOC$Contents 16
List of Contributors 6
Foreword by General Editors 10
Foreword by Volume Editors 12
Part A: General Survey of Atmospheric Diffusion and Pollution 20
CH$Chapter 1. Urban Air Pollution 20
CH$Chapter 2. Meteorological Aspects of Radioactivity Pollution 38
CH$Chapter 3. General Survey of Atmospheric Diffusion 48
Part B: Recent Findings on Atmospheric Turbulence 60
CH$Chapter 4. One-dimensional Spectra of Atmospheric Turbulence in the Lowest 100 Metres 60
CH$Chapter 5. Boundary Layer Turbulence and External Parameters 84
CH$Chapter 6. Some Current Work on Turbulence in the First Few Thousand Feet above Ground 90
CH$Chapter 7. Measurements of Turbulence Structure near the Ground within the Frequency Range from 0.5 to 0.1 Cycles sec¯1 94
CH$Chapter 8. The Isotropic Limit and the Microscale of Turbulence 118
Part C: Theory of Turbulent Diffusion 122
CH$Chapter 9. The Present Position in the Theory of Turbulent Diffusion 122
CH$Chapter 10. Description of Turbulence in Terms of Lagrangian Variables 134
CH$Chapter 11. Statistical Properties of a Fluctuating Plume Dispersion Model 138
CH$Chapter 12. Statistical Mechanics and Theoretical Models of Diffusion Processes 160
CH$Chapter 13. Diffusion from a Continuous Source in Relation to a Finite Observation Interval 170
CH$Chapter 14. Progress Report on Some Turbulent Diffusion Research 182
CH$Chapter 15. Diffusion of Particles in Turbulent Flow 186
CH$Chapter 16. The Dependence of Eddy Diffusivity on the Fluid Prandtl Number 196
CH$Chapter 17. A Random Walk with both Lagrangian and Eulerian Statistics 200
Part D: Diffusion of Heavy or Finite Particles 206
CH$Chapter 18. Physical Considerations on Heavy-particle Diffusion 206
CH$Chapter 19. The Turbulent Spread of a Falling Cluster 214
Part E: Transfer through the Troposphere and Stratosphere 232
CH$Chapter 20.The Measurement of Turbulent Transfer in the Lower Atmosphere 232
CH$Chapter 21. The Effect of Compressibility on the Turbulent Transport of Heat in a Stably Stratified Atmosphere 250
CH$Chapter 22. On Reynolds Stress, Turbulent Diffusion and the Velocity Profile in a Stratified Fluid 256
CH$Chapter 23. Wind Profile, Surface Stress and Geostrophic Drag Coefficients in the Atmospheric Surface Layer 262
CH$Chapter 24. Vertical Motion and the Transfer of Heat and Momentum near the Ground 280
CH$Chapter 25. The Frequency Distribution of Vertical Diffusion Coefficients for Vapour at 35 m. Height 290
CH$Chapter 26. Transport in the Stratosphere and through the Tropopause 294
CH$Chapter 27. On the Use of Cosmic Ray Produced Isotopes for Studying Large-scale Circulations in the Atmosphere 310
CH$Chapter 28. The Use of Tritium in the Study of Vertical Exchange in the Atmosphere 318
CH$Chapter 29. Buoyant Transfer in a Stable Environment 320
Part F: Effects of Thermal Stratification on Diffusion 324
CH$Chapter 30.The Problem of Diffusion in a Stratified Fluid 324
CH$Chapter 31. Horizontal Diffusion due to Turbulent Convection 334
CH$Chapter 32. The Effects of Thermal Stratification on Turbulent Diffusion in the Atmospheric Surface Layer 340
Part G: Pollution Patterns from Point and Area Sources 352
CH$Chapter 33. Smoke Propagation in the Surface Layer of the Atmosphere 352
CH$Chapter 34. Diffusion from a Continuous Source in Relation to the Spectrum and Scale of Turbulence 368
CH$Chapter 35. The Emission, Dispersion, and Deposition of Ragweed Pollen 390
CH$Chapter 36. Analysis of Diffusion Studies at O’Neill 414
CH$Chapter 38. Large-scale Diffusion from an Oil Fire 438
CH$Chapter 39. Carbon Dioxide in Study of Medium Scale Diffusion 446
CH$Chapter 40. On an Apparent Paradox in the Theory of Vertically Rising Jets 450
CH$Chapter 41. Comparison of Concentration Measurements of Sulphur Dioxide and Fluorescent Pigment 454
CH$Chapter 42. Turbulent Diffusion in the Surface Layer under Stable Stratification 458
CH$Chapter 43. On the Boundary Condition on the Earth Surface for Diffusing Pollution 464
Part H: Review and Conclusions 466
CH$Chapter 44. Introductory Remarks by Chairman 466
CH$Chapter 45. Lagrangian Correlation and some Difficulties in Turbulent Diffusion Experiments 470
CH$Chapter 46. Some Reflections on the Theoretical Problems Raised at the Symposium 478
Editors’ Review 482
Author Index 494
IDX$Subject Index 500