Advances in Immunology (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Advances in Immunology 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Contributors 10
Preface 14
Chapter 1: Functional Biology of the IL-22-IL-22R Pathway in Regulating Immunity and Inflammation at Barrier Surfaces 16
1. Introduction 17
2. The IL-22-IL-22R Pathway 19
3. Regulation of IL-22 Expression 25
4. Biological Functions of the IL-22-IL-22R Pathway 29
5. Concluding Remarks 36
Acknowledgments 37
References 37
Chapter 2: Innate Signaling Networks in Mucosal IgA Class Switching 46
1. Functions of Mucosal IgA 47
2. Mechanisms of Mucosal IgA Production 49
3. Mucosal IgA Pathways Involving T Cells 51
4. Mucosal IgA Pathways not Involving T Cells 58
5. Dendritic Cell and Macrophage Signals in Mucosal IgA Production 64
6. Epithelial Cell Signals in Mucosal IgA Production 70
7. Conclusions 72
Acknowledgments 73
References 73
Chapter 3: Specificity of the Adaptive Immune Response to the Gut Microbiota 86
1. Introduction 87
2. The Gut Microbiota in the Year 2010 91
3. Determinates of the Intensity of Adaptive Immunity to the Gut Microbiota 94
4. Probiotics 102
5. T Cell Immunity to the Gut Microbiota 103
6. Specificity of the B Cell Response to the Gut Microbiota 109
7. The Future: Grasping the Mist 115
Acknowledgments 115
References 116
Chapter 4: Intestinal Dendritic Cells 124
1. Introduction 125
2. Dendritic Cell Distribution in the Gut 126
3. Gut DC Origins 129
4. Unique Properties of Mucosal DCs 130
5. DC Interaction with the Environmental Factors 135
6. DC Migration to MLN 137
7. DCs in Intestinal Diseases 139
8. Conclusions and Future Perspectives 145
Acknowledgments 145
References 146
Chapter 5: The Many Face-Lifts of CD4 T Helper Cells 154
1. Introduction 155
2. T Helper Subset Paradigm: Th1/Th2 155
3. Contradictions of the Th1/Th2 Paradigm: New Subsets Come to Help 157
4. Plasticity in the T Helper Subsets 159
5. Epigenetic Control of Th Lineage Plasticity 160
6. Concluding Remarks 161
Acknowledgments 162
References 162
Chapter 6: GALT: Organization and Dynamics Leading to IgA Synthesis 168
1. GALT Compartments 169
2. Peyer's Patches 170
3. Characteristics of PP GCs 175
4. Isolated Lymphoid Follicles 179
5. Lamina Propria 184
6. Role of IgA in Gut 188
7. Conclusions and Perspective 189
Acknowledgment 189
References 190
Chapter 7: Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (BALT): Structure and Function 202
1. Introduction 203
2. Lymphoid Architecture of BALT 204
3. Development and Maintenance of BALT 210
4. Antigen Acquisition 214
5. B Cell Responses in BALT 216
6. T Cell Responses 219
7. Role of BALT in Resistance to Infectious Disease 221
8. Role of BALT in Pulmonary Responses to Allergens and Environmental Antigens 228
9. Role of BALT in Response to Particulates and Cigarette Smoke 232
10. Contribution of BALT to Autoimmunity and Pulmonary Fibrosis 238
11. Role of BALT in Pulmonary Malignancy 240
12. Summary and Perspectives 244
Acknowledgments 244
References 244
Chapter 8: Host-Bacterial Symbiosis in Health and Disease 258
1. Establishment of Bacterial Communities in the Gastrointestinal Tract 259
2. Development of the Immune System by Commensal Microbiota 266
3. ProInflammatory Responses of Bacterial-Host Gut Interactions 271
4. Commensals Contribute to Host-Microbial Homeostasis by Actively Suppressing Inflammatory Responses During Health and Disease 278
References 282
Index 290
Contents of Recent Volumes 298
Color Plates 306