Carbonates in Continental Settings (eBook)

Front cover 1
Carbonates in Continental Settings: Geochemistry, Diagenesis and Applications 4
Copyright page 5
Contents 6
Contributors 10
Preface 12
Chapter 1. The Geochemistry of Continental Carbonates 14
1. Introduction 14
2. Precipitation of Inorganic Carbonates 16
3. The Role of Magnesium 21
4. Stable Isotopes of Carbonates 28
5. Pedogenic Carbonates 35
6. Tufa 40
7. Speleothems 45
8. Saline Carbonates 48
9. Ostracods 51
Other Biotic Carbonates 57
Conclusion 58
Acknowledgments 58
References 58
Chapter 2. Diagenesis of Carbonates in Continental Settings 74
1. Introduction 75
2. Diagenesis of Lacustrine Carbonates 80
3. Diagenetic Processes 84
4. Dolomite in Lacustrine Sediments and Rocks 103
5. Diagenetic Aspects in Calcretes and Dolocretes 116
6. Telogenesis 135
7. Conclusions 147
Acknowledgments 148
References 148
Chapter 3. Silicification of Continental Carbonates 166
1. Introduction 166
2. Overview 167
3. Burial Diagenesis 173
4. Meteoric Diagenesis at or near the Surface 178
5. Isotope Data of Cherts in Continental Carbonates 183
6. Conclusions 187
Acknowledgements 187
References 187
Chapter 4. Continental Carbonates as Indicators of Paleoclimate 192
1. Introduction 193
2. Pedogenic Carbonates 194
3. Lacustrine Carbonates 205
4. Palustrine Carbonates 211
5. Speleothem Carbonates 213
6. Tufas 215
7. Summary 218
Acknowledgment 219
References 219
Chapter 5. Continental Sequence Stratigraphy and Continental Carbonates 228
1. Introduction 229
2. Sequence Stratigraphy History and Terminology 229
3. Continental Sequence Delineation Methods 239
4. Continental Carbonates and Sequence Stratigraphy 251
5. Discussion 273
6. Summary 277
Acknowledgments 278
References 278
Chapter 6. Economic Aspects of Continental Carbonates and Carbonates Transformed under Continental Conditions 288
1. Introduction 289
2. Lacustrine and Palustrine Carbonates and Associated Resources 289
3. Calcretes and Associated Resources 295
4. Travertines and Tufas and their Economic Interest 297
5. Karst Structures and Related Economic Resources 301
6. Conclusions 304
Acknowledgements 304
References 304
Chapter 7. Continental Carbonates – Preservation of Natural and Historic Heritage Sites 310
1. Introduction 310
2. Natural Sites 312
3. Conservation and the Built Environment 319
4. Conclusions 322
References 324
Subject Index 326