Basic Medical Endocrinology (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Basic Medical Endocrinology 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 8
Preface 18
Preface to the First Edition 20
Preface to the Second Edition 22
Chapter 1. Introduction 24
Overview and Definitions 25
Biosynthesis of Hormones 30
Storage and Secretion of Hormones 39
Hormones in Blood 40
Hormone Degradation 41
Mechanisms of Hormone Action 42
Regulation of Hormone Secretion 64
Measurement of Hormones 68
Suggested Reading 73
Chapter 2. Pituitary Gland 76
Overview 76
Morphology 77
Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary Gland 79
Development of the Anterior Pituitary 85
Regulation of Anterior Pituitary Function 86
Hypophysiotropic Hormones 86
Feedback Control of Anterior Pituitary Function 91
Physiology of the Posterior Pituitary 93
Regulation of Posterior Pituitary Function 96
Suggested Reading 98
Chapter 3. Thyroid Gland 100
Overview 100
Morphology 101
Thyroid Hormones 102
Regulation of Thyroid Function 111
Thyroid Hormones in Blood 113
Metabolism of Thyroid Hormones 114
Physiological Effects of Thyroid Hormones 118
Regulation of Thyroid Hormone Secretion 126
Mechanism of Thyroid Hormone Action 129
Suggested Reading 132
Chapter 4. Adrenal Glands 134
Overview 135
Morphology 135
Adrenal Cortex 137
Adrenal Medulla 178
Suggested Reading 185
Chapter 5. The Pancreatic Islets 188
Overview 189
Morphology of the Endocrine Pancreas 189
Glucagon 191
Insulin 201
Somatostatin 224
Suggested Reading 225
Chapter 6. Principles of Hormonal Integration 228
Redundancy 228
Reinforcement 232
Push-Pull Mechanisms 233
Modulation of Responding Systems 233
Chapter 7. Regulation of Sodium And Water Balance 244
Overview 245
General Considerations 245
Salt and Water Balance 247
Antidiuretic Hormone 250
The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 258
Atrial Natriuretic Factor 265
Integrated Compensatory Responses to Changes in Salt and Water Balance 269
Suggested Reading 277
Chapter 8. Hormonal Regulation of Calcium Metabolism 278
Overview 279
General Features of Calcium Balance 279
Parathyroid Glands and Parathyroid Hormone 289
Calcitonin 298
The Vitamin D-Endocrine System 303
Integrated Actions of Calcitropic Hormones 309
Other Hormones Affecting Calcium Balance 311
Suggested Reading 312
Chapter 9. Hormonal Regulation of Fuel Metabolism 314
Overview 315
General Features of Energy Metabolism 315
Glucose-Fatty Acid Cycle 318
Overall Regulation of Blood Glucose Concentration 320
Integrated Actions of Metabolic Hormones 322
Regulation of Metabolism During Feeding and Fasting 329
Hormonal Interactions During Exercise 334
Long-Term Regulation of Fuel Storage 339
Suggested Reading 348
Chapter 10. Hormonal Control of Growth 350
Overview and General Considerations 350
Regulation of GH Secretion 364
Thyroid Hormones 372
Insulin 375
Gonadal Hormones 376
Glucocorticoids 379
Suggested Reading 381
Chapter 11. Hormonal Control of Reproduction in the Male 384
Overview 384
Morphology of the Testes 385
Male Reproductive Tract 387
Gonadotropins And Control of Testicular Function 390
Testosterone 394
Sexual Differentiation 399
Regulation of Testicular Function 405
Suggested Reading 412
Chapter 12. Hormonal Control of Reproduction in the Female:The Menstrual Cycle 414
Overview 415
Female Reproductive Tract 415
Ovarian Hormones 422
Control of Ovarian Function 425
Physiological Actions of Ovarian Steroid Hormones 432
Regulation of The Reproductive Cycle 437
Suggested Reading 444
Chapter 13. Hormonal Control of Reproduction in the Female: Pregnancy and Lactation 446
Overview 447
Fertilization and Implantation 447
The Placenta 454
Parturition 463
Lactation 467
Suggested Reading 478
Index 480