Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 8
Foreword 14
Preface 16
Contributors 18
Volume 1 26
SECTION 1: Gender and Development 26
Chapter 1. The Role of Gender in Neonatology 28
Chapter 2. Endocrinology and Growth in Children and Adolescents 37
Chapter 3. Gender-Specific Pulmonary Disease 50
Chapter 4. Gender-Specific Aspects of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology 61
Chapter 5. Gender Differences in Neurologic Conditions of Children 69
Chapter 6. Gender and Sports: Past, Present, and Future 73
Chapter 7. Gender Differences in Child and Adolescent Behavior 77
SECTION 2: Central Nervous System 86
Chapter 8. Gender Differences in the Functional Organization of the Brain 88
Chapter 9. Do Sex Steroid Hormones Contribute to Sexual Differentiation of the Human Brain? 96
Chapter 10. Hormonal and Nonhormonal Mechanisms of Sexual Differentiation of the Brain 109
Chapter 11. Neuroprotective Effects of Estrogen 121
Chapter 12. Brain Trauma, Sex Hormones, Neuronal Survival, and Recovery of Function 129
Chapter 13. Gender Differences in Epilepsy 141
Chapter 14. Sex Hormones and Headache 154
Chapter 15. Gender Differences in Psychiatric Disorders with a Focus on Estrogen 162
Chapter 16. Gender Differences in Psychopharmacology 170
Chapter 17. The Question of Psychosexual Neutrality at Birth 180
Chapter 18. Treating Psychologic Disorders During Pregnancy and Lactation 192
SECTION 3: Cardiology 208
Chapter 19. Gender and the Heart: Sex-Specific Differences in Normal Myocardial Anatomy and Physiology and in the Experiences of Some Diseases of the Cardiovascular System 210
Chapter 20. Gender and Its Impact on Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease 218
Chapter 21. Gender-Specific Aspects of the Experience of Coronary Artery Disease 240
Chapter 22. Gender Differences in the Outcome of Acute Myocardial Infarction 249
Chapter 23. Dyslipidemia Management in Women and Men: Exploring Potential Gender Differences 259
Chapter 24. Impact of Gender on the Response to Cardioactive Drugs 266
Chapter 25. Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cardioprotection 280
Chapter 26. Gender Differences in the Role of Stress and Emotion in Cardiovascular Function and Disease 288
Chapter 27. Importance of and Barriers to Including Women in Clinical Trials 300
SECTION 4: Pulmonology 308
Chapter 28. Asthma: The Need for Different Approaches by Sex and Gender 310
Chapter 29. Sex, Gender, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 324
Chapter 30. Gender-Specific Considerations in Interstitial Lung Disease 334
Chapter 31. Gender-Specific Considerations in Pulmonary Hypertension 342
Chapter 32. Venous Thromboembolism: Gender Effects and Gender-Specific Risk Factors for Women 357
Chapter 33. The Influence of Gender on Cough Reflex Sensitivity 372
Chapter 34. Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Why the Gender Bias? 380
Chapter 35. Gender Differences in the Sepsis Syndrome: Clinical Evidence and Potential Mechanisms 385
SECTION 5: Gastroenterology 400
Chapter 36. Normal Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract and Gender Differences 402
Chapter 37. Gender Differences in Esophageal Function 422
Chapter 38. Sex-Specific Features of Diseases of the Stomach 431
Chapter 39. Small Intestine and Colonic Diseases 440
Chapter 40. Gender Considerations in Inflammatory Bowel Disease 453
Chapter 41. Gender-Related Differences in Functional Bowel Disorders 463
Chapter 42. Gallbladder and Biliary Diseases: More Common in Women, More Severe in Men 471
Chapter 43. Effect of Gender on Pancreatic Disease 479
Chapter 44. Gender-Specific Issues in Liver Diseases 488
Chapter 45. Gender Difference in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 502
SECTION 6: Reproductive Biology 516
Chapter 46. The Birth of Reproductive Biology 1889 to 1940: An Historical Perspective 518
Chapter 47. Modern Contraception in Men and Women 532
Chapter 48. Ambiguous Genitalia in the Newborn 543
Chapter 49. A Practical Approach to Male Infertility 563
Chapter 50. Female Infertility and Assisted Reproductive Technology 575
Chapter 51. Chronic Pelvic Pain in Men and Women: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment 590
Chapter 52. Male and Female Sexual Dysfunction: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Classifications, and Treatment 598
Chapter 53. Lower Urogenital Tract Dysfunction in Women and Men 611
Chapter 54. Colorectal Disease in Women and Men 619
Chapter 55. Aging and the Lower Urogenital System 627
Chapter 56. The Consequences of Intersex Conditions in Adult Life 640
Volume 2 652
SECTION 7: Oncology 652
Chapter 57. Gender Differences in Hematologic Malignancies 654
Chapter 58. Effects of Hormone Deprivation in Survivors of Breast and Prostate Cancer 662
Chapter 59. The Difference Between Male and Female Breast Cancer 673
Chapter 60. Difference in the Germ Cell Tumors of the Reproductive Tract in Men and Women 683
Chapter 61. Gender and Gastrointestinal Malignancies: Incidence and Response to Treatment 689
Chapter 62. Gender Influences on the Development and Progression of Brain Tumors 696
Chapter 63. Gender Differences in Hereditary Cancer Syndromes: Risks, Management, and Testing for Inherited Predisposition to Cancer 707
Chapter 64. Cancer Screening 718
SECTION 8: Nutrition 728
Chapter 65. Energy Requirements of Men and Women 730
Chapter 66. Anorexia, Bulimia, Disordered Eating and Obesity 740
Chapter 67. The Influence of Gender Differences in Metabolism upon Nutritional Recommendations for Athletes 754
Chapter 68. Cardiovascular Disease, Genes, and Nutrition: Gender Matters 762
Chapter 69. Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Gender Differences and Similarities 777
Chapter 70. The Role of Nutrition in the Modulation of Sex Steroids 784
Chapter 71. Nutrition and Cancers of the Breast, Endometrium, and Ovary 795
Chapter 72. Nutrition and the Etiology and Prevention of Prostate Cancer 808
Chapter 73. Human Papillomavirus Infection in Men and Women: The Impact of Nutrition on Cervical Cancer 821
Chapter 74. Nutritional Antioxidants, Vitamins, Cognition, and Neurodegenerative Disease 838
SECTION 9: Drug Metabolism 850
Chapter 75. Anticoagulants/Antithrombotic Therapy 856
Chapter 76. Pain Medications: Differences Between the Sexes 868
Chapter 77. Evaluation of Drugs in Women: Regulatory Perspective 873
Chapter 78. Gender and Antidepressants 885
Chapter 79. Consideration for the Use of Therapeutic Drugs During Pregnancy and the Perinatal Period 894
Chapter 80. Weight Reduction Therapies: Anorectants, Thermogenics, and Lipolytics 899
Chapter 81. Hormone Replacement Therapy: Looking Closely at Low Dose 907
Chapter 82. Use of Oral Contraceptive for Contraception 914
SECTION 10: Infectious Disease 924
Chapter 83. Gender and Bacterial Infections 926
Chapter 84. Gender-Specific Issues in Fungal Infections 935
Chapter 85. Sex and Gender-Specific Issues in HIV Pathogenesis 948
Chapter 86. Gender-Specific Issues in the Metabolic Complications of HIV Disease and Its Treatment 956
Chapter 87. The Effect of Gender on the Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, and Management of Tuberculosis 963
Chapter 88. Gender-Specific Issues in Non-HIV Viral Infections 971
Chapter 89. Gender-Specific Issues in Parasitology 981
Chapter 90. Sexually Transmitted Infections in Men and Women 991
SECTION 11: Bone 1004
Chapter 91. Corticosteroid-Induced Osteoporosis: A Comprehensive Review 1006
Chapter 92. Anabolic Therapy of Osteoporosis in Women and in Men 1020
Chapter 93. Antiresorptive Therapies of Osteoporosis in Women and Men 1035
Chapter 94. The Role of Androgens and Estrogens in the Male Skeleton 1046
Chapter 95. The Clinical Application of Gender-Based Databases for the Diagnosis of Osteoporosis and Fracture Risk Prediction 1058
Chapter 96. Animal Models for Gender-Based Skeletal Differences 1068
Chapter 97. Epidemiology of Osteoporosis and Fracture in Men and Women 1077
Chapter 98. Gender and Sports Medicine in the Adult Athlete 1085
SECTION 12: Immunology/Rheumatology 1094
Chapter 99. Sexual Dimorphism and the Immune System 1096
Chapter 100. Estrogen, Signal Transduction, and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Molecular Mechanisms 1107
Chapter 101. Sex Hormone Metabolism, Immune Function, and the Effect of Sex Hormones on Various Rheumatic Diseases 1118
Chapter 102. Pregnancy—Success or Failure: The Influence of Autoimmune Diseases 1131
Chapter 103. Gender-Specific Issues in Organ Transplantation 1141
Chapter 104. Prolactin in Autoimmune Disease 1153
SECTION 13: Aging 1164
Chapter 105. A History of Old Age in America 1166
Chapter 106. Breast Diseases in Older Women and Men 1179
Chapter 107. Care of the Older Woman: Practical Issues 1188
Chapter 108. Cancer Management in Older Women 1196
Chapter 109. The Evaluation and Treatment of Urinary Incontinence 1211
Chapter 110. Effects of Aging on Gonadotropin/Ovarian and Growth Hormone/Ovarian Relationships in Normal Women 1222
Chapter 111. The Principle Syndromes of Dementia 1241
Chapter 112. Mechanisms Involved in Gender Differences in Alzheimer’s Disease: The Role of Leuteinizing and Follicle Stimulating Hormones 1259
SECTION 14: Future Areas to Expand 1264
113. Gender Differences in Dermatology 1266
Index 1272
Color Plates-Section 1326