AIDS and Other Manifestations of HIV Infection -

AIDS and Other Manifestations of HIV Infection (eBook)

Gary Wormser (Herausgeber)

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2004 | 4. Auflage
1000 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-047196-9 (ISBN)
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Extensively revised and updated, the new edition of AIDS and Other Manifestations of HIV Infection is an essential reference resource providing a comprehensive overview of the biological properties of this etiologic viral agent, its clinicopathological manifestations, the epidemiology of its infection, and present and future therapeutic options.

New to this Edition:
* Expanded section on clinical manifestations includes new chapters on cardiovascular, renal and dermatologic manifestations of HIV infection
* Additional chapters on molecular diagnostic techniques, the role of host genetic variation in HIV infection and its manifestations, the discovery and development of new HIV medicines, analysis of HIV dynamics using mathematical models, toxicities of antiretroviral therapy, HIV drug susceptibility testing, practical therapeutics and the global impact of HIV and AIDS
Extensively revised and updated, the new edition of AIDS and Other Manifestations of HIV Infection is an essential reference resource providing a comprehensive overview of the biological properties of this etiologic viral agent, its clinicopathological manifestations, the epidemiology of its infection, and present and future therapeutic options. Expanded section on clinical manifestations includes new chapters on cardiovascular, renal and dermatologic manifestations of HIV infection Additional chapters on molecular diagnostic techniques, the role of host genetic variation in HIV infection and its manifestations, the discovery and development of new HIV medicines, analysis of HIV dynamics using mathematical models, toxicities of antiretroviral therapy, HIV drug susceptibility testing, practical therapeutics and the global impact of HIV and AIDS

Front Cover 1
AIDS and Other Manifestations of HIV Infection 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
List of Contributors 10
Preface 16
Acknowledgements 18
Dedication 20
Part I: Background and Epidemiology 22
Chapter 1. Epidemiology of HIV and AIDs 24
Chapter 2. Epidemiology of Pediatric HIV Infection 52
Chapter 3. The Genetic Diversity and Global Molecular Epidemiology of HIV 64
Part II: Etiologic Agent 76
Chapter 4. Introduction to Retroviruses 78
Chapter 5. The Neuropathogenesis of HIV-1 Infection 116
Chapter 6. Viral Cofactors in the Immune Pathogenisis and Clinical Manifestations of HIV Infection 138
Chapter 7. Virologic and Biologic Features of Human ImmunodeÞciency Virus Type 2 (HIV-2) 152
Chapter 8. Laboratory Detection of Human Retroviral Infection 168
Chapter 9. Molecular Diagnostic Techniques and other Tests for Direct Detection of HIV 206
Chapter 10. Simian Retroviruses 216
Part III: Immunology of HIV Infection 284
Chapter 11. ImmunodeÞiciency in HIV-1 Infection 286
Chapter 12. The Role of Host Genetic Variation in HIV Infection and its Manifestations 306
Part IV: Clinical Manifestations 324
Chapter 13. Care of the Adult Patient with HIV Infection 326
Chapter 14. HIV Disease in Women 392
Chapter 15. AIDS Manifestations 410
Chapter 16. Pulmonary Complications of HIV Infection 428
Chapter 17. Mycobacterial Disease in Patients with HIV Infection 446
Chapter 18. Neurologic Complications of HIV and AIDS 502
Chapter 19. AIDS Psychiatry: Psychiatric and Palliative Care, and Pain Management 558
Chapter 20. The Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Systems in HIV Infection 598
Chapter 21. Neoplastic Complications of HIV Infection 618
Chapter 22. Hematologic Manifestations of HIV Infection 634
Chapter 23. Cardiac Manifestations in Human ImmunodeÞciency Virus Infection 656
Chapter 24. Renal Manifestations of HIV infection 672
Chapter 25. Skin Manifestations of HIV Infection 684
Chapter 26. Ophthalmologic Aspects of HIV Infection 718
Part V: Pathology of HIV Infection 752
Chapter 27. General Pathology of HIV Infection 754
Chapter 28. Neuropathology of AIDS 794
Part VI: Infection Control 822
Chapter 29. Infection Control Considerations to Prevent HIV Transmission in Healthcare Settings 824
Chapter 30. HIV Era Occupational Exposures and Risks 832
Part VII: Treatment and Prevention 860
Chapter 31. Antiretroviral Chemotherapy 862
Chapter 32. Discovery and Development of New HIV Medicines 876
Chapter 33. Toxicities of Antiretroviral Therapy 888
Chapter 34. HIV Drug Susceptibility Testing 904
Chapter 35. The Analysis of HIV Dynamics Using Mathematical Models 926
Chapter 36. Practical Therapeutics 934
Chapter 37. Immune-based Therapies for HIV Infection 952
Chapter 38. Immunizations, Vaccine-Preventable Diseases, and HIV Infection 968
Chapter 39. Progress in the Development and Testing of HIV Vaccines 994
Chapter 40. The Public Health Response to the HIV Epidemic in the United States 1018
Chapter 41. The Global Impact of HIV and AIDS 1036
Chapter 42. Nursing Perspectives in the Care of Persons with HIV Infection 1052
Chapter 43. Ethical Challenges of the Global AIDS Epidemic 1068
Subject Index 1078

List of Contributors

Marta-Louise Ackers

HIV Vaccine Section, Epidemiology Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention-Surveillance and Epidemiology, National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA 30333

Mary Ann Adler Cohen, M.D.

Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York NY 10029

Gokhan L. Akfirat, M.D.

Metropolitan Hospital, New York Medical College, New York NY 10595

César A. Alfonso, M.D.

Anxiety Disorders Clinic and Hispanic Treatment, Program, New York State Psychiatric Clinic/Columbia University, New York NY 10032

Maria C. Allende, M.D.

Clinical and Molecular Retrovirology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892

Aysha Arshad, M.D.

Division of Cardiology, St. Lukes-Roosevelt Medical Center/Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York NY 10595

David Ashkin, M.D.

A.G. Holley State Tuberculosis Hospital, Lantana FL 33462

Ajay Bansal, M.D.

Division of Gastroenterology, SUNY Health Science Center at Stony Brook, Stony Brook NY

Bradford N. Bartholow

HIV Vaccine Section, Epidemiology Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention-Surveillance and Epidemiology, National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA 30333

Ronald Bayer, Ph.D.

Program in the History of Public Health and Medicine, Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York NY 10032

Stefano Bertozzi, M.D., Ph.D.

Health Economics and Policy Unit, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico

Lawrence R. Boone, Ph.D.

Department of Virology, GlaxoSmithKline Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-3398

Denise M. Cardo, M.D.

Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA 30333

Maria P. Carlos

Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunlogy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis CA 95616

Andrew Carr

HIV, Immunology and Infectious Diseases Clinical, Services Unit, St Vincent’s Hospital Sydney Ltd, Darlinghurst, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia

Richard E. Chaisson, M.D.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21231

Linda A. Chiarello, R.N., M.S.

Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA 30333

David A. Cooper

National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, St Vincent’s Hospital Sydney Ltd, Darlinghurst, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia

Elliot P. Cowan, Ph.D.

Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Rockville MD 20852

Umberto De Girolami, M.D.

Harvard Medical School, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA 02115

Jack A. DeHovitz, M.D., M.P.H.

State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center

Joseph A. DeSimone

The Dorrance H. Hamilton Laboratories, Center for Human Virology, Division of Infectious, Diseases, Department of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA 19107

Scott Diesing

Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN

M. Tevfik Dorak, M.D., Ph.D.

Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294

John P. Doweiko, M.D.

Division of Hematology and Oncology, Division of Infectious Disease, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA

Lisa Ferrigno, M.D., M.P.H.

State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center

James L. Finley, M.D.

The Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina, University, Greenville NC 27858-4354

Patricia L. Fleming, Ph.D., M.S.

Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/STD/TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA 303333

Charles Flexner, M.D.

Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD

Alvin E. Friedman-Kien, M.D.

New York University School of Medicine

William H. Frishman, M.D.

Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center/New York Medical College, Valhalla NY 10595

Dana Gabuzda, M.D.

Harvard Medical School, Department of Cancer, Immunology and AIDS, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, JF 816, Boston MA 02115

Murray B. Gardner, M.D.

Department of Medical Pathology and Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis CA 95616

Edward P. Garvey, Ph.D.

Biochemistry and Analytical Pharmacology, GlaxoSmithKline Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-3398

Harris Gelbard

Department of Neurology, Pediatrics and Microbiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY

Howard E. Gendelman, M.D.

Center for Neurovirology and Neurodegenerative Disorder and the Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE 61898-5215

Pierre M. Gholam, M.D.

Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence RI

Stephen P. Goff

Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, HHSC 1310C, Columbia University, College of P & S, New York NY 10032

Yvonne Hale

Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Food Safety, Tallahassee FL 32399

Elena Hollender

A.G. Holley Tuberculosis Hospital, Lantana FL 33462

David R. Holtgrave, Ph.D.

Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta GA 30333

Harold W. Horowitz, M.D.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla NY 10595

Dale J. Hu, M.D., M.P.H.

HIV Vaccine Section, Epidemiology Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA 30333

Douglas A. Jabs, M.D.

The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine and Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore MD

Robert S. Janssen, M.D.

Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA 30333

Daniel A. Johnson, M.D.

University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio Texas

Vijay V. Joshi, M.D., Ph.D., F.R.C.Path.

Hartford Hospital, Hartford CT

Phyllis J. Kanki, D.V.M., D.Sc.

Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard AIDS Institute, Boston MA

Richard A. Kaslow, M.D., M.P.H.

Departments of Epidemiology, Medicine and Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294

Susan M. King, M.D.

Surveillance Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA 30333

Mary Klotman, M.D.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York NY 10029

Paul E. Klotman, M.D.

Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York NY

Barbara S. Koppel, M.D.

Department of Neurology, New York Medical College, New York NY 10029

Donald P. Kotler, M.D.

Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York NY 10025

H. Clifford Lane, M.D.

Clinical and Molecular Retrovirology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892

Jeffrey Laurence, M.D.

Weill Medical College of Cornell University and New, York Presbyterian Hospital, New York NY 10021

Michael Lauzardo

Bureau of TB and Refugee Health, Florida Department of Health, Gainesville FL 32641

Judith D. Leschek, R.N., B.S.N., C.I.C.

Infection Control Department, JFK Medical Center, Edison NJ 08818-0359

Mary Lou Lindegren, M.D.

Surveillance Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA 30333

Arlene J. Lowenstein, R.N., Ph.D.

Graduate Program in Nursing, MGH Institute of Health...

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