Advances in Applied Microbiology (eBook)

Cover 1
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Chapter 1. Microbial Transformations of Mercury: Potentials, Challenges, and Achievements in Controlling Mercury Toxicity in the Environment 9
I. Introduction 9
II. Methylation 11
III. Methylmercury Degradation 16
IV. Mercury Reduction by Mercury-Resistant Prokaryotes 20
V. Mercury Reduction by Mercury-Sensitive Bacteria 45
VI. Mercury Oxidation 46
VII. Conclusions 46
References 48
Chapter 2. Interactions Between Nematodes and Microorganisms: Bridging Ecological and Molecular Approaches 61
I. Introduction 61
II. Nematodes and Their Friends and Foes 62
III. Effects of Predation 63
IV. Effects of Parasitism 66
V. Caenorhabditis elegans as a Model Nematode 69
VI. Bacteria and Antibiosis 72
VII. Multitrophic Complexities 74
VIII. Conclusions 77
References 78
Chapter 3. Biofilm Development in Bacteria 87
I. Introduction 87
II. Stages of Biofilm Development 89
III. Biofilms and Antibiotic Resistance 108
IV. Conclusions 111
References 112
Chapter 4. Microbial Biogeochemistry of Uranium Mill Tailings 121
I. Introduction 121
II. Sulfur Cycle 122
III. Iron/Manganese Cycle 123
IV. Uranium Reduction 125
V. Nitrogen Cycle 126
VI. Fungi 128
VII. Biosorption 129
VIII. Conclusions 132
References 133
Chapter 5. Yeast Modulation of Wine Flavor 139
I. Introduction 139
II. Wine Yeast 142
III. Important Flavor Compounds Produced by Yeast 143
IV. Release of Grape-Derived Flavor Compounds 164
V. Concluding Remarks 172
References 172
Chapter 6. Moving Toward a Systems Biology Approach to the Study of Fungal Pathogenesis in the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe grisea 185
I. Introduction 185
II. Large-Scale Functional Genomics: Methods Applied to Filamentous Phytopathogenic Fungi 193
III. ESTs, Microarrays, and Gene Expression Profiling (Transcriptome): Tools for Dissecting Fungal Pathogenicity 202
IV. Protein-Based Technology 208
V. Conclusion 213
References 214
Chapter 7. The Biotrophic Stages of Oomycete–Plant Interactions 225
I. Introduction 225
II. The Life Cycle of Biotrophic Oomycete Plant Pathogens 228
III. Biotrophy-Related Gene Expression 236
IV. Oomycete Nutrition and Biochemistry 241
V. Host Defense 243
VI. Future Directions 245
References 246
Chapter 8. Contribution of Nanosized Bacteria to the Total Biomass and Activity of a Soil Microbial Community 253
I. Introduction 253
II. Occurrence and Functions of UMB in Various Natural Habitats 254
III. Soil Fractionation and Isolation of UMB 269
IV. Microbial Quantity and Activity in Soil Fractions 283
V. Conclusion 296
References 297
Index 305
Contents of Previous Volumes 335
Color Plate Section 346