Advances in Parasitology (eBook)

Cover 1
Editorial Board 3
Advances in Parasitology 4
Copyright page 5
Contributors to Volume 64 6
Preface 8
Contents 12
Chapter 1. Leishmania and the Leishmaniases: A Parasite Genetic Update and Advances in Taxonomy, Epidemiology and Pathogenicity in Humans 16
Abstract 17
1. Introduction 17
2. General Information on the Epidemiology, Taxonomy and Life Cycle of Leishmania 19
3. Evolutionary Genetics and Population Structure of Leishmania: Impact on Taxonomy and Epidemiology 27
4. Leishmania Genetics and Pathogenicity: What’s New? 50
5. What Genetic Research is Necessary to Advance Knowledge of Leishmaniasis? 68
Acknowledgements 85
References 85
Chapter 2. Human Waterborne Trematode and Protozoan Infections 126
Abstract 127
1. Introduction 127
2. Fasciolids 128
3. The Genus Echinochasmus 131
4. Philophthalmids (Eye Flukes) 135
5. Human Waterborne Protozoan Parasites 139
6. The Organisms 141
7. Detection Methods for Human Waterborne Protozoan Parasites 152
8. Water Treatment 155
9. Associations of Human Waterborne Parasites with Molluscan Shellfish 156
10. Conclusions 161
Acknowledgments 164
References 165
Chapter 3. The Biology of Gyrodactylid Monogeneans: The ‘‘Russian-Doll Killers’’ 176
Abstract 177
1. Introduction 179
2. Morphology 184
3. Ethology 216
4. Phylogeny: The Family Album 232
5. Systematics: The Biological Bedrock 251
6. Evolution and Phylogeny of Gyrodactylids 274
7. Epidemiological Models: Bridging the Gap between Micro- and Macroparasites 294
8. Host Immunity and Parasite Pathogenicity 295
9. Environmental Interactions 310
10. The Gyrodactylus salaris Epidemic in Norway: Implications for other Countries 321
11. Conclusions and Future Research Areas 343
Acknowledgements 345
References 345
Chapter 4. Human Genetic Diversity and the Epidemiology of Parasitic and Other Transmissible Diseases 392
Abstract 393
1. Introduction 395
2. Exploring the Genetic Background of Human Genetic Susceptibility to Infectious Disease 399
3. Human Diversity Revealed by Neutral/Historical Genetic Markers 406
4. Genetically Driven Phenotypic Diversity 411
5. Are Races and Ethnic Groups Biologically Meaningful and Medically Relevant? 415
6. Our Genetic Inheritance has been Sculpted by Infectious Diseases 421
7. Major International Programmes that will Boost Understanding of Human Genetic Diversity 422
8. Conclusion 429
References 430
Glossary 438
Index 444
Contents of Volumes in This Series 460
Colour Plates 470