Advances in Parasitology (eBook)

Cover 1
Copyright Page 5
Contents 12
Contributors to Volume 58 6
Preface 8
Chapter 1. Leishmania spp.: on the Interactions They Establish with Antigen-Presenting Cells of their Mammalian Hosts 16
Abstract 17
1. Introductory Remarks 18
2. The M.s as Host Cells for Leishmania spp. 32
3. The M.s as Cells Presenting Leishmania Antigens 39
4. Ability of Infected M.s to Destroy Leishmania Parasites They Harbour 47
5. The DCs as Cells That Can Also Shelter Leishmania spp. 52
6. Role of DCs in the Presentation of Leishmania Antigens to Naive and Activated Specific T Lymphocytes 56
7. The Potential of Infected APCs or APCs Loaded with Leishmania Antigens as Vaccines or Therapeutic Agents 65
8. Conclusions 74
Acknowledgements 76
References 77
Chapter 2. Variation in Giardia: Implications for Taxonomy and Epidemiology 90
Abstract 91
1. Introduction 91
2. Current Taxonomy and Nomenclature 96
3. Phenotypic Evidence for Variation in G. duodenalis 106
4. Genetic Characterization of Giardia and Prospects for a Revised Taxonomy 109
5. Epidemiology and Transmission 126
6. Perspectives for the Future 140
References 142
Chapter 3. Recent Advances in the Biology of Echinostoma species in the ‘‘revolutum’’ Group 160
Abstract 161
1. Introduction 161
2. Echinostoma caproni 163
3. Echinostoma trivolvis 173
4. Echinostoma paraensei 186
5. Echinostoma revolutum 190
6. Echinostoma friedi 195
7. Echinostoma miyagawai 196
8. Echinostoma echinatum 197
9. Echinostoma parvocirrus 198
10. Echinostoma luisreyi 198
11. Echinostoma jurini 199
12. Concluding Remarks 199
Acknowledgements 200
References 201
Chapter 4. Human Hookworm Infection in the 21st Century 218
Abstract 219
1. Introduction 220
2. Biology 222
3. Immune Responses to Hookworm 232
4. Epidemiology and Transmission Dynamics 241
5. Public Health Consequences 254
6. Global Distribution and Disease Burden 263
7. Strategies for Control 271
8. Future Directions 282
Acknowledgements 283
References 284
Chapter 5. The Curious Life-Style of the Parasitic Stages of Gnathiid Isopods 310
Abstract 311
1. Introduction 311
2. Gnathiid Phylogeny, Taxonomy and Morphology 324
3. Life Cycles of Gnathiids 338
4. Adaptation of Juveniles to Blood Feeding 355
5. Pathology and Transmission of Infection Associated with Blood Feeding 379
6. Behaviour of Gnathiid Juveniles and the Role of Cleaner Fishes in their Removal from Clients 390
7. Conclusion 394
Acknowledgements 398
References 399
Index 414
Contents of Volumes in This Series 426
The colour plate section appears between pages 50 and 51 66