Antidiabetic Agents: Recent Advances in their Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology (eBook)

Cover 1
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Contributors 10
Foreword 12
Preface 14
Abbreviations 16
Introduction 20
Chapter 1. Regulation of Glucose Homoeostasis 22
1 Introduction 22
2 Effect of Insulin Deficiency 26
3 Regulation of Glucose Homoeostatis in Type-I Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) 28
4 Regulation of Glucose Homoeostasis in Type-II Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) 32
Chapter 2. Clinical Aspects of Diabetes Mellitus 36
1 Type-I Diabetes Mellitus 36
2 Type-II Diabetes Mellitus 40
Chapter 3. Mechanisms of Insulin Action 44
1 Insulin Actions 44
2 Insulin Receptor 45
3 Signal Transduction 51
4 Effector Systems of Insulin Signals: A Limited Selection 61
Chapter 4. Therapeutic Use of Insulin 68
1 Chemistry 69
2 Preparations 69
3 Application of Insulins 71
4 Pharmacokinetics 72
5 Toxic Effects 74
6 Side Effects 74
7 Clinical Studies of Insulin-replacement Therapy 88
Chapter 5. The Secretory Machinery of Insulin Release 96
1 Introduction 96
2 Route by which Initiators and Modulators Reach the B-Cell 97
3 Initiation of Insulin Secretion 98
4 Modulation of Insulin Secretion via Adenylate Cyclase and Phospholipase C (PLC) 111
5 Concept of Initiation and Modulation of Insulin Secretion 125
Chapter 6. Compounds Acting on Insulin Secretion: Sulphonylureas 126
1 Chemical Structure 127
2 Actions 127
3 Pharmacokinetics 136
4 Toxic Effects 140
5 Side Effects 141
6 Interaction with Other Drugs 146
7 Clinical Studies 148
Chapter 7. Compounds Acting on Glucose Absorption 170
1 Guar 170
2 Acarbose 178
Chapter 8. Aldose Reductase Inhibitors as New Antidiabetic Drugs 190
1 Chemistry 190
2 Functions of Aldose Reductase 191
3 Action of Aldose Reductase Inhibitors 192
4 Pharmacokinetics 194
5 Pathological Changes in the Pharmacokinetics 195
6 Toxic and Side Effects 195
7 Interaction with Other Drugs 196
8 Clinical Trials 196
Conclusions 198
References 200
Subject Index 234
Cumulative Index of Authors 248
Cumulative Index of Titles 252