Advances in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Title Page 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 8
Contributors 12
Preface 18
Non-Classical Light from Artificial Atoms 20
Introduction 20
Single Quantum Dots 23
Single-Photon Generation 26
A Single Photon as Particle and Wave 32
A Multi-Color Photon Source 35
Multiplexed Quantum Cryptography on the Single-Photon Level 41
Summary 48
Acknowledgements 49
References 49
Quantum Chaos, Transport, and Control-in Quantum Optics 52
Introduction 53
Spectral Properties 53
Dynamics and Transport 60
Control through Chaos 78
Conclusion 86
References 87
Manipulating Single Atoms 94
Introduction 95
Single Atoms in a MOT 96
Preparing Single Atoms in a Dipole Trap 101
Quantum State Preparation and Detection 103
Superposition States of Single Atoms 105
Loading Multiple Atoms into the Dipole Trap 108
Realization of a Quantum Register 110
Controlling the Atoms' Absolute and Relative Positions 113
Towards Entanglement of Neutral Atoms 118
Conclusions 120
Acknowledgements 121
References 121
Spatial Imaging with Wavefront Coding and Optical Coherence Tomography 124
Introduction 125
Enhanced Depth of Focus with Wavefront Coding 126
Spatial Imaging with Optical Coherence Tomography 139
Conclusion 155
Acknowledgements 155
References 156
The Quantum Properties of Multimode Optical Amplifiers Revisited 158
General Linear Input-Output Transformation for a Linear Optical Device 159
The Phase-Insensitive Amplifier 160
The Multimode Phase Insensitive Amplifier 162
The Nature of the Ancilla Modes 163
An Optical Amplifier Working at the Quantum Limit 166
Conclusion 167
References 167
Quantum Optics of Ultra-Cold Molecules 170
Introduction 171
Molecular Micromaser 172
Passage Time Statistics of Molecule Formation 182
Counting Statistics of Molecular Fields 187
Molecules as Probes of Spatial Correlations 192
Conclusion 200
Acknowledgements 201
References 201
Atom Manipulation in Optical Lattices 206
Introduction 206
Theoretical Considerations 209
Review of One-Dimensional Lattice Configurations for Rubidium 215
Periodic Well-to-Well Tunneling in Gray Lattices 227
Influence of Magnetic Fields on Tunneling 232
Sloshing-Type Wave-Packet Motion 238
Conclusion 241
Acknowledgement 242
References 242
Femtosecond Laser Interaction with Solid Surfaces: Explosive Ablation and Self-Assembly of Ordered Nanostructures 246
Introduction 247
Energy Coupling 248
Secondary Processes: Dissipation and Desorption/Ablation 252
Discussion 265
Acknowledgements 268
References 268
Characterization of Single Photons Using Two-Photon Interference 272
Introduction 273
Single-Photon Light Fields 275
Two-Photon Interference 279
Jitter 289
Experiment and Results 296
Conclusion 305
Acknowledgements 306
References 307
Fluctuations in Ideal and Interacting Bose-Einstein Condensates: From the Laser Phase Transition Analogy to Squeezed States and Bogoliubov Quasiparticles 310
Introduction 312
History of the Bose-Einstein Distribution 317
Grand Canonical versus Canonical Statistics of BEC Fluctuations 334
Dynamical Master Equation Approach and Laser Phase-Transition Analogy 347
Quasiparticle Approach and Maxwell's Demon Ensemble 376
Why Condensate Fluctuations in the Interacting Bose Gas are Anomalously Large, Non-Gaussian, and Governed by Universal Infrared Singularities? 391
Conclusions 409
Acknowledgements 413
Appendices 414
Bose's and Einstein's Way of Counting Microstates 414
Analytical Expression for the Mean Number of Condensed Atoms 416
Formulas for the Central Moments of Condensate Fluctuations 418
Analytical Expression for the Variance of Condensate Fluctuations 420
Single Mode Coupled to a Reservoir of Oscillators 421
The Saddle-Point Method for Condensed Bose Gases 423
References 427
LIDAR-Monitoring of the Air with Femtosecond Plasma Channels 432
Introduction 432
Conventional LIDAR Measurements 434
The Femtosecond-LIDAR Experiment 438
Nonlinear Propagation of Ultra-Intense Laser Pulses 440
White Light Femtosecond LIDAR Measurements 446
Nonlinear Interactions with Aerosols 452
Conclusion 456
Acknowledgements 457
References 458
Index 462
Contents of Volumes in this Serial 472