Epigenetics and Cancer, Part B (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Epigenetics and Cancer, Part B 4
Copyright 5
Contents 6
Contributors 10
Preface 12
Section I: Epigenetic Changes Induced by Environmental and Dietary/Lifestyle Factors 14
Chapter 1: Induction of Epigenetic Alterations by Dietary and Other Environmental Factors 16
I. Introduction 17
II. Induction of Epigenetic Alterations by Dietary and Other Environmental Factors 22
III. Conclusions 40
Acknowledgments 42
References 43
Chapter 2: Induction of Epigenetic Alterations by Chronic Inflammation and Its Significance on Carcinogenesis 54
I. Introduction 55
II. Traditional Views on How Inflammation Leads to Cancers 56
III. Epigenetic Alteration Induced by Inflammation and Its Significance on Carcinogenesis 57
IV. Mechanisms for Induction of Epigenetic Alterations by Inflammation 62
V. Conclusions 65
Acknowledgment 66
References 66
Chapter 3: In Utero Life and Epigenetic Predisposition for Disease 70
I. Introduction to Programming 71
II. Programming and Cancer 74
III. Dynamic Changes in the Epigenome During Mammalian Development 76
IV. Environmental Perturbation of the Epigenome and the Developmental Origins of Disease 78
V. Mechanisms Involved in Dietary Modulation of Epigenetic Modification 79
VI. Maternal Diet and Risk of Cancer in Offspring: Human Studies 82
VII. The Placenta as a Programming Factor 84
VIII. Conclusions 84
Acknowledgments 85
References 86
Chapter 4: Folate and One-Carbon Metabolism and Its Impact on Aberrant DNA Methylation in Cancer 92
I. Introduction 93
II. Chemistry and Metabolism of Folate 94
III. Biochemistry of Cellular Folate-Mediated One-Carbon Metabolism 97
IV. Characteristics of DNA Hypomethylation in Cancer 109
V. Folate Deficiency, DNA Hypomethylation, and CRC: A Critical Review 110
VI. Conclusion 122
Acknowledgments 124
References 124
Section II: Epigenetic Biomarkers 136
Chapter 5 Epigenetic Alterations as Cancer Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Predictive Biomarkers 138
I. Introduction 139
II. DNA Methylation 141
III. MicroRNAs 160
IV. Other Epigenetic Alterations 168
V. Prospective and Challenges 169
References 171
Chapter 6: Detection of DNA Methylation Changes in Body Fluids 190
I. Introduction 191
II. DNA Methylation Detection Techniques and Methodologies 192
III. DNA Methylation Biomarker Discovery and Validation 194
IV. DNA Methylation Detection in Sputum and Bronchial Washings 197
V. DNA Methylation Detection in Saliva 199
VI. DNA Methylation Detection in Blood, Plasma, and Serum 200
VII. DNA Methylation Detection in Urine 202
VIII. DNA Methylation Detection in Pancreatic, Duodenal, and Gastric Juice 208
IX. DNA Methylation Detection in Breast Ductal Fluid 209
X. Conclusions 209
Acknowledgments 210
References 211
Section III: Application of Epigenetics in Molecular Epidemiology and Epigenetic Cancer Prevention 222
Chapter 7: Epigenetics in Molecular Epidemiology of Cancer 224
I. Introduction 225
II. Factors Affecting Epigenetic Statuses 226
III. Blood Leukocyte DNA Methylation Statuses in Cancer Cases and Control 239
IV. Conclusion 243
Acknowledgment 244
References 245
Chapter 8: Diet, Epigenetic, and Cancer Prevention 250
I. Introduction 251
II. Dietary Compounds Affecting DNA Methylation 252
III. Dietary Compounds Affecting Histone Modification 257
IV. Dietary Compounds Affecting MicroRNA 261
V. Perspectives 262
Acknowledgments 263
Reference 263
Section IV: Epigenetic Databases 270
Chapter 9: Epigenetic Databases and Computational Methodologies in the Analysis of Epigenetic Datasets 272
I. Introduction 273
II. Basic Epigenetic Tools 274
III. Epigenetic Databases 286
IV. Cancer Databases 293
V. Computational Approaches in Epigenetics 295
VI. Applications and Data Analysis in Cancer Epigenetics 297
VII. Conclusions 305
Acknowledgments 306
References 306
Index 310