Seismic Signatures and Analysis of Reflection Data in Anisotropic Media (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Seismic Signatures and Analysis of Reflection Data in Anisotropic Media 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 14
Chapter 1. Elements of basic theory of anisotropic wave propagation 20
1.1 Governing equations and plane-wave properties 21
1.2 Plane waves in transversely isotropic media 33
1.3 Plane waves in orthorhombic media 55
Appendices for Chapter 1 75
1A. Phase velocity in arbitrary anisotropic media 75
1B. Group-velocity vector as a function of phase velocity 76
Chapter 2. Influence of anisotropy on point-source radiation and AVO analysis 80
2.1 Point-source radiation in anisotropic media 81
2.2 Radiation patterns and AVO analysis in VTI media 100
Appendices for Chapter 2 122
2A. Derivation of the anisotropic Green's function 122
2B. Weak-anisotropy approximation for radiation patterns in TI media 124
Chapter 3. Normal-moveout velocity in layered anisotropic media 128
3.1 2-D NMO equation in an anisotropic layer 129
3.2 NMO velocity for vertical transverse isotropy 132
3.3 NMO velocity for tilted TI media 149
3.4 NMO velocity in layered media and time-to-depth conversion 168
3.5 Elements of 3-D analysis of NMO velocity 175
Appendices for Chapter 3 185
3A. 2-D NMO equation in an anisotropic layer 185
3B. Weak-anisotropy approximation for P-wave NMO velocity in TTI media 187
3C. 2-D Dix-type equation in layered anisotropic media 188
3D. 3-D NMO equation in heterogeneous anisotropic media 189
Chapter 4. Nonhyperbolic reflection moveout 192
4.1 Quartic moveout coefficient 195
4.2 Nonhyperbolic moveout equation 201
4.3 P-wave moveout in VTI media in terms of the parameter ? 204
4.4 Long-spread moveout of SV-waves in VTI media 209
Appendices for Chapter 4 214
4A. Weak-anisotropy approximation for long-spread moveout 214
4B. P-wave moveout in layered VTI media 216
Chapter 5. Reflection moveout of mode-converted waves 218
5.1 Dip-dependent moveout of PS-waves in a single layer (2-D) 219
5.2 Application to a VTI layer 227
5.3 3-D treatment of PS-wave moveout for layered media 238
5.4 PS-wave moveout in horizontally layered VTI media 247
5.5 Discussion 250
Appendices for Chapter 5 252
5A. 2-D description of PS moveout in a single layer 252
5B. 3-D expression for the slope of CMP moveout 254
5C. NMO velocity for converted-wave moveout 258
5D. Weak-anisotropy approximation for PS-moveout in VTI media 260
5E. 3-D description of PS moveout in layered media 265
Chapter 6. P-wave time-domain signatures in transversely isotropic media 272
6.1 P-wave NMO velocity as a function of ray parameter 273
6.2 Two-parameter description of time processing 283
6.3 Discussion: Notation and P-wave signatures in VTI media 288
6.4 Moveout analysis for tilted symmetry axis 291
Appendices for Chapter 6 302
6A. Dependence of NMO velocity in VTI media on the ray parameter 302
6B. NMO velocity in tilted elliptical media 304
Chapter 7. Velocity analysis and parameter estimation for VTI media 306
7.1 P-wave dip-moveout inversion for ? 308
7.2 Inversion of P-wave nonhyperbolic moveout 331
7.3 Joint inversion of P and PS data 353
Chapter 8. P-wave imaging for VTI media 372
8.1 Fowler-type time-processing method 373
8.2 Dip moveout by Fourier transform 388
8.3 Time and depth migration 404
8.4 Synthetic example for a model from the Gulf of Mexico 419
8.5 Field-data example with multiple fault planes 429
8.6 Discussion 435
References 438
Author Index 448
Subject Index 450