Advances in Heat Transfer (eBook)

Cover 1
Advances in Heat Transfer 2
Copyright 5
Contents 6
Contributors 10
Preface 12
Acoustic Wave Induced Flows and Heat Transfer in Gasesand Supercritical Fluids 14
I. Introduction 14
A. Mechanically Driven Acoustic Waves 16
B. Thermally Induced Acoustic Waves in Gases 20
C. Thermoacoustic Waves in Supercritical Fluids 22
II. Mathematical Model and Numerical Methods 24
A. Overview 24
B. Mathematical Model 24
C. Numerical Methods 27
III. Mechanically Driven Acoustic Waves in Gas-FilledEnclosures 28
A. Overview 28
B. Flows in an Acoustically Driven Rectangular Enclosure 29
C. Flows in an Acoustically Driven Cylindrical Enclosure 46
D. Interactions of Mechanically Driven Acoustic Waves with Heat Transferin a Rectangular Chamber 56
IV. Numerical Study of Thermally Induced Acoustic Waves inGases 72
A. Introduction 72
B. Thermally Induced Acoustic Waves in Atmospheric and High PressureGases 72
C. Interactions of Thermally Induced Acoustic Waves with BuoyancyInduced Flows: Side-Wall Heated Enclosures 81
D. Interaction of Thermally Induced Acoustic Waves with BuoyancyInduced Flows: Bottom-Wall Heated Enclosure 89
V. Experimental Study of Thermally Induced Acoustic Wavesin Gases 101
A. Introduction 101
B. Experimental Apparatus and Procedure 101
C. Experimental Results and Discussion 105
VI. Thermally Induced Acoustic Waves in SupercriticalFluids 123
A. Introduction 123
B. Equation of State and Thermodynamic Properties of SupercriticalCarbon Dioxide 125
C. Numerical Results for Supercritical Carbon Dioxide 126
VII. Experimental Study of Thermally Induced Acoustic Wavesin Supercritical Fluids 137
A. Introduction 137
B. Experimental Apparatus and Procedures 138
C. Experimental Results and Discussion. 140
VIII. Summary and Conclusions 143
References 145
Characterization Methods of High-Intensity FocusedUltrasound-Induced Thermal Field 150
I. Introduction 150
A. HIFU Free-Field Characterization in Liquid Medium 153
B. HIFU Thermal Field Characterization in Tissue Medium 161
II. HIFU Thermal Field Characterization 162
A. Invasive Method 162
B. Nonperturbing Method 168
C. Noninvasive Method 173
III. Future Direction 186
A. Improvement in Calculations: Accounting for Boiling, Cavitation, andNonlinearity 186
B. Extension of Inverse Heat Transfer Method: Calculation of Intensityand Acoustic Absorptivity 186
References 187
Plasma Discharge in Water 192
I. Introduction 192
A. Needs for Plasma Water Treatment 192
B. Previous Studies on the Plasma Water Treatment 195
C. Process of Conventional Electrical Breakdown in Water 197
II. Underwater Plasma Sources 203
A. Direct Discharges in Liquid 203
B. Bubble Discharges in Liquid 207
III. Dynamics of Non-Equilibrium Plasma in Liquid Water 209
A. Experiment Setup 209
B. Results and Discussions 210
IV. Analysis of Microsecond Streamer Propagation 213
A. Electrostatic Model 214
B. Thermal Mechanism 221
C. Stability Analysis 225
V. Application of Spark Discharge for Scale Removal on FilterMembranes 231
A. Experiment Setup 232
B. Results and Discussion 235
VI. Plasma-Assisted CaCO3 Precipitation 240
A. Experiment Setup 242
B. Results 246
C. Mechanism Study 254
VII. Application for Mineral Fouling Mitigation in HeatExchangers 271
A. Experiment Setup 272
B. Results and Discussion 277
C. X-Ray Diffraction Tests 285
VIII. Application for Water Sterilization 287
A. Previous Studies on Plasma-Assisted Water Sterilization 287
B. Test Methods 289
C. Results and Effect of Plasma-Induced UV Radiation on Sterilization 290
IX. Final Remarks 295
Acknowledgments 296
References 296
Subject Index 316