Ambient Assisted Living (eBook)

Title 1
Preface 4
Organization 5
Contents 7
Chapter 1: Assistance Systems 10
Architecture of the ‘Daily Care Journal’ for the Support of Health Care Networks 11
Introduction 11
State of the Art 12
Application Scenarios 13
Setup of the Care Network 14
Inclusion of the Patient 14
Assign Access Rights 14
Form Creation 14
Care Documentation 15
Presentation of Care Document 15
Quality Management of Documentation 15
Optimizing Care Processes 15
AEDL Assessment 16
AEDL Presentation 16
Architecture 16
Logical Architecture 17
General Requirements of the Concrete Architecture 20
Service Modules 21
Future Work 23
References 24
Technological Stress – Mental Strain of Younger and Older Users If Technology Fails 25
Initial Situation 26
Research Methodology 26
Description of Experiment 27
Evaluation 29
Conclusions 35
Ubiquitous Life Support Systems for an Ageing Society in Japan 38
Japan as a Forerunner 38
Variety of the Players 38
Universities as the Scientific “Spine” 39
General Innovation Enthusiasm 39
Growing Old in Japan 39
Strategies and Developments in Japan 40
The U Japan Strategy – Solution of Social Problems by Information Technology 40
Microsystem and Micromachines 41
Robotics 42
Yaoyorozu: Technology as an Assistant in the Everyday Life 42
Examples of Assistance Technologies in Categories 42
Home Care: Robotic Bed 42
Social Interaction: NetTansorWeb 44
Health and Wellness: Intelligence Toilet 45
Information and Learning: Dr. Kawashima 46
Professional Life: Stride Management Assistant 47
Mobility: Toyota i-Swing 48
Home Automation 50
Smart City: Town Management System 50
Implementing of AAL Technologies by Means of Modularized Residential Systems 51
Conclusions 54
Thematization of High-Tech-Assistance Since the Beginning of the 70s 54
“Universal Technologies” Instead of Agespecific Technologies 54
Technology and Status of the Elderly 54
Working with Preseries or Test Series 55
Modularized Residential Buildings as a Sales Motor 55
References 55
Chapter 2: Human Machine Interface 56
An Intelligent House Control Using Speech Recognition with Integrated Localization 57
Introduction 57
House Environment 58
Speech Recognition in House 59
Overall Design 59
Speech Recognition 61
Localization in House 61
Technical Realization 63
Experiments 64
Speech Recognition 64
Localization 65
Summary 67
References 67
Ambient Voice Control for a Personal Activity and Household Assistant 69
Introduction 69
User Acceptance Study 70
Challenges and Demands for Voice Controlled Ambient Assistive Technologies 71
Pre-processing Concepts for Speech Quality Enhancement 72
Concepts in Automatic Speech Recognition to Improve Recognition Performance for Acoustically Adverse Conditions 74
An Automatic Speech Recognition Experiment in an AAL Scenario 76
Summary and Conclusion 78
References 79
Natural Gesture Interaction with Accelerometer-Based Devices in Ambient Assisted Environments 81
Introduction 81
Overview and Related Works 82
Gestures Depends on Cultural Back-Ground 83
Throw and Tilt Interaction 83
Hand-Drawn Gestures 83
Postures and Gestures in Human-Computer-Interaction 84
Experiment for Determining Intuitive Gestures Using Accelerometer-Based Interaction Devices 84
Overview 84
Evaluation Environment 85
Participants 86
Evaluation Tasks 86
Accomplishment 87
Results 88
Discussion 88
Conclusion 89
References 89
An Elderly-Oriented Platform to Simplify the Use of Physical Activity Controlled Game Consoles 97
Introduction 97
State of the Art 98
Challenges 99
Self-explanatory Human-Machine Interface 99
Elderly-Oriented Design 100
Wireless Operation 100
Record of Activity 100
Low System Cost 100
System Description 100
Hardware and Construction 101
System Operation 102
Record of User’s Activities 102
Experiments 103
Test Sessions with Potential Users 103
Test Results 104
Conclusions 105
References 106
Chapter 3: Platforms 107
System Architecture for Palliative Care in the Home Environment 108
Introduction 108
Motivation 109
Monitoring 109
Supporting Medical Decisions 110
Creating a Social Network 110
State of the Art 111
Limitation of the State of the Art 112
Approach 113
Architecture 115
System Requirements 115
Realisation 115
In-House Communication Platform 116
Medical Decision Support 117
Conclusion/Discussion 119
References 119
openURC: Standardisation towards “User Interfaces for Everyone, Everywhere, on Anything” 121
Introduction 121
The Universal Remote Console Standard 123
Injecting the URC Ecosystem 126
Structure and Timeline of the OpenURC Alliance 127
Time Line 128
Current and Future Technical Work 128
Conclusion and Outlook 128
References 129
universAAL – An Open and Consolidated AAL Platform 130
Background and Motivation 131
Development of an Open AAL Platform 132
The Input Projects 133
The Consolidation and Development Approach 135
Benefit of the Project 137
Consolidation of universAAL's Layered Architecture 137
The Consolidated Reference Model 138
universAAL and the AAL Open Association (AALOA) 141
Summary and Outlook 142
References 143
Towards a Unified Ambient Assisted Living and Personal Health Environment 144
Demographic Challenges and Technology Concepts 144
Limitations of Isolated AAL and Personal Health Solutions 145
Current Platform-Based Comprehensive Concepts 146
Evaluation Results in universAAL by Consolidation 149
Examples of the Consolidation Process 150
Consolidation Process When Decomposing the System into Layers 151
Consolidation Process When Decomposing the System into Building Blocks 152
Towards a Joint AAL and AmI Platform and Community 156
References 158
Chapter 4: Activity Recognition 159
Preventive Emergency Detection Based on the Probabilistic Evaluation of Distributed, Embedded Sensor Networks 160
Introduction 160
User Related Restrictions 161
Medical Challenges 161
Technical Challenges 162
Methods and Techniques 163
Characteristic of the Assistance System 163
Process Data Acquisition 164
Probabilistic Modeling 165
Semantic Integration 168
Example of Implementation 168
Partial Model Emergency Detection 168
Partial Model Diagnosis Assistance 175
Ontology of the Implementation 177
Discussion of the Results 178
Conclusion and Outlook 179
R/'{e}sum/'{e} 179
Next Steps 179
References 179
Detection and Classification of Acoustic Events for In-Home Care 181
Introduction 181
Detector and Classifier 182
Pre-processing 183
Event Detection 187
Classification 188
Experimental Setup 190
Evaluation 190
Summary 194
References 195
An Approach to the Fusion of Probabilities of Activities for the Robust Identification of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) 196
Introduction 196
State of the Art 197
Dempster Shafer 199
Example 200
Experimental Setup and Study 201
Sensors 201
Study 202
Available Results 203
Probabilities of Activities 203
Results 204
Discussion 206
Outlook 206
A Gesture Based System for Context – Sensitive Interaction with Smart Homes 208
Introduction 208
Related Work 209
Smart Home 210
Smart Kitchen 210
Gesture Recognition 211
Interaction Concepts 212
Gesture Control in Context 212
Gesture Triggered Scenarios 212
User Tests 213
Test Scenario 214
Evaluation 215
Conclusion and Future Work 217
References 217
Chapter 5: Sensor Technology 219
Enhancing Mobile Robots’ Navigation through Mobility Assessments in Domestic Environments 220
Introduction 220
Medical Motivation 221
State-of-the-Art 222
Mobility Trend Analysis in Domestic Environments 222
Precise Gait Analysis 223
Service Robotics 223
Limitation of the State-of-the-Art 224
Approach 224
Computation of Domestic Motion Patterns Utilizing Path-Planning Algorithms 225
Laser-Based Precise Measurement of Human Movement Trajectories 227
Concept 228
Discussion 231
Conclusion 232
References 233
Emergency Indoor and Outdoor User Localization 236
Introduction 236
To Locate Or to Find? 237
Application Scenarios 238
Outdoor Locations 238
Indoors 239
System Architecture 240
Smartphone Components 242
Localization Server 245
Results 249
Conclusions and Outlook 252
Unobtrusive In-Car Vital Parameter Acquisition and Processing 254
Introduction 254
State of the Art in In-Car Vital Parameter Monitoring 255
Task Description 256
System Concept 257
Static System Concept Description 257
Dynamic System Concept Description 258
System Evaluation 259
Materials and Methods 259
Preliminary Experiment 262
Sensor Evaluation Experiment 264
Real Road Traffic Experiment 265
Conclusions 266
References 267
Overview of Indoor Positioning Technologies for Context Aware AAL Applications 269
Introduction 269
Fundamentals and Classification 271
Classification 272
Positioning Methods and Principals 273
Metrics 275
Overview of Systems and Solutions 276
Single Medium 276
Multiple Mediums 279
AAL Use Cases 282
Ambient Assisted Living 282
Activity Recognition 283
LBS and Indoot Navigation 283
Conclusion and Future Trends 283
References 284
Chapter 6: Telemonitoring 288
Ambulatory Treatment and Telemonitoring of Patients with Parkinson’s Disease 289
Introduction 289
Context 290
The System Components 291
BS& AN Structure
Control System 293
Intraoral Drug Delivery Device 294
Subcutaneous Pump 295
Inertial Sensor 295
Mobile Gateway 296
Conclusion 298
References 298
Prototype Implementation of Standard-Based Interoperability Guidelines: Experiences and Results Regarding Telemonitoring Applications 300
Introduction 300
Material and Methods 301
System Architecture and Responsibility 301
PAN-Interface 301
WAN-Interface 303
HRN-Interface 304
Prototype Implementation 305
Results 306
Discussion 306
Practical Usage 306
Selection of Standards and Profiles 307
Summary 308
References 308
Author Index 310