Creatine

Melvin Williams, PhD, is Eminent Scholar Emeritus in the Department of Exercise Science, Physical Education, and Recreation at Old Dominion University. He has conducted research on various ergogenic aids for over 30 years and has published numerous original research studies and review articles. Author of The Ergogenics Edge (Human Kinetics, 1998), Dr. Williams also wrote the definitive college text, Nutrition for Fitness and Sport, now in its fifth edition. He is also the founding editor of the International Journal of Sport Nutrition. Dr. Williams is a Fellow of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) and a member of the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance. Dr. Williams lives in Norfolk, Virginia. Richard B. Kreider, PhD, is associate professor, assistant department chair, and director of the Exercise and Sport Nutrition Laboratory in the Department of Human Movement Sciences and Education at the University of Memphis. He has focused his research efforts on ergogenic aids and human physical performance and has conducted numerous studies on creatine supplementation. Editor of the popular reference, Overtraining in Sport (Human Kinetics, 1998), Dr. Kreider has published more than 100 research articles and abstracts in scientific journals. He is a Fellow of the ACSM and the research digest editor for the International Journal of Sport Nutrition. Dr. Kreider lives in Bartlett, Tennessee. J. David Branch, PhD, is assistant professor of exercise science at Old Dominion University. He has conducted several studies involving ergogenic aids, including the effects of creatine supplementation on women. Since 1980 Dr. Branch has been supervisor of Bicycle Ergometer Graded Exercise Testing for the South Carolina State Law Enforcement Health/Fitness Screening Program. He has also served as codirector of a fitness and cardiac rehabilitation center. Dr. Branch is a Fellow of the ACSM and has been widely published. He lives in Norfolk, Virginia.

Creating requirements and metabolic finctions; creatine supplementation - theory, protocol and effects; research considerations with nutritional sports; ergogenic effects of creatine supplementation on the adenosine triphosphate-phosphocreatine energy system; ergogenic effects of creatine supplimentation on the anaerobic glycolisis energy system; ergogenic effects of creatine supplementation on oxidative phosphorylation; creatine supplementation - effects on body mass and composition; health and safety aspects of creatine supplementation; legal and ethical issues regarding creatine supplementation.