Stability and Legitimate Expectations in International Energy Investments

Rahmi Kopar is a member of the Law Faculty at Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Turkey.

1. Introductory Remarks: The Quest for Stability
I. General Introduction and Background
II. Objectives and Scope of the Book
III. Justification and Significance of the Book
IV. Methodology and Structure of the Book

2. International Energy Investments, the Risks and the Protection Methods
I. Introduction
II. Definition of Investment
III. International Energy Investments: What is Special about them?
IV. Risks in Energy Investments
V. Political Risks
VI. Sources of Investment Protection against Political Risks
VII. Conclusion

3. Stability in International Energy Investments
I. Introduction
II. The Stability Concept in General
III. Stability Provisions Defined
IV. Sources of Stability Guarantees
V. The Changing Role of Stability Provisions
VI. Conclusion

4. Backgrounds of Two Contentious Concepts: Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard and Legitimate Expectations
I. Introduction
II. The Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard
III. Investors’ Legitimate Expectations
IV. Conclusion

5. The Legitimate Expectations Principle in Investment Treaty Arbitration: Current Status and Contours
I. Introduction
II. What Creates Legitimate Expectations?
III. Temporal Requirement of Legitimate Expectations
IV. How Can an Expectation be Considered Legitimate?
V. A Test to Identify Legitimate Expectations
VI. Conclusion

6. Legitimate Expectations and Stability: The Interplay
I. Introduction
II. Legitimate Expectations ‘from’ Stability
III. Legitimate Expectations ‘to’ Stability
IV. Conclusion

7. Concluding Remarks
I. General Conclusions
II. Main Findings
III. Recommendations