Critical Incidents in Journalism

Edson C. Tandoc Jr. is an Associate Professor at the Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore. His research focuses on the sociology of message construction in the context of digital journalism. He has conducted studies on the construction of news and social media messages. His studies about influences on journalists have focused on the impact of journalistic roles, new technologies, and audience feedback on the various stages of the news gatekeeping process. This stream of research has led him to study journalism from the perspective of news consumers as well, investigating how readers make sense of critical incidents in journalism and take part in reconsidering journalistic norms; and how changing news consumption patterns facilitate the spread of fake news Joy Jenkins is an Assistant Professor of digital journalism at the University of Tennessee School of Journalism and Electronic Media. Her research uses a sociological approach to examine changing organizational identities and practices in newsrooms, with a particular focus on local media. Jenkins is also a research associate at the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism at the University of Oxford. Ryan J. Thomas is an Associate Professor of Journalism Studies at the University of Missouri’s School of Journalism. His research program addresses the intersection of journalism ethics and the sociology of news, focusing on journalism amid processes of change: the forces shaping journalism, how journalists make sense of them, and how these changes affect journalism’s institutional obligations and role in public life. His research has been published in such journals as Journalism Studies, Digital Journalism, the Journal of Media Ethics, Journalism Practice, and New Media & Society Oscar Westlund is a Professor at the Department of Journalism and Media Studies at Oslo Metropolitan University, where he leads the OsloMet Digital Journalism Research Group. He holds secondary appointments at Volda University College and University of Gothenburg. He is the Editor-in-Chief of Digital Journalism. He leads the epistemologies of digital news production, a research project funded by the Swedish Foundation for Humanities and Social Sciences. He is a project member of the international research project Source Criticism and Mediated Disinformation (2020-2024). His most recent book is What is Digital Journalism Studies? (Routledge, 2020), co-authored with Steen Steensen.

Introduction: Theorizing critical incidents in journalism across the globe

Joy Jenkins, Edson C. Tandoc Jr., Ryan J. Thomas and Oscar Westlund

SECTION I Conceptualizing Critical Incidents

1.1 Critical incident as a construct in journalism studies

Paul D’Angelo

1.2 Journalistic critical incidents as boundary making and the making of boundaries around critical incidents

Matt Carlson

SECTION II Characteristics of Journalistic Work

2.1 Peeling or plagiarizing? A Danish media scandal as an incident of re-instating boundaries in the grey zones of "good" journalistic citing practices

Jannie Møller Hartley, Maria Bendix Wittchen and Mark Blach-Ørsten

2.2 The voices of Aleppo: Re-evaluating US journalistic practices for news coverage of children during the Syrian Civil War

Jeanna Sybert

2.3 Reporting when the current media system is at stake: Explaining news coverage about the initiative on the abolition of public service broadcasting in Switzerland

Linards Udris, Mark Eisenegger, Daniel Vogler, Andrea Häuptli and Lisa Schwaiger

2.4 "You can’t run away from the truth": Journalistic reflections of enduring injustices that shape news-making in Kenya

Irene Awino

2.5 Mexico’s 2006 Drug War and its impacts on newsroom practices: From violence to anonymity and self-censorship

Manuel Chavez

2.6 (Re)telling the story: Is the Rwanda genocide a critical incident in journalism?

Florence Madenga

2.7 False accusations in a school: A critical incident in Brazilian journalism 25 years later

Rafael Grohmann, Felipe Moura de Oliveira and Moreno Osorio

SECTION III Communities Engaging in Interpretation

3.1 Critical incidents and auto-analysis: Photojournalists’ introspections while covering the drug war in the Philippines

Ma. Diosa Labiste

3.2 Boundary work on media freedom after the phone hacking scandal in the United Kingdom

Binakuromo Ogbebor

3.3 United in protest: Coverage of attacks against journalists in the 2019 Hong Kong demonstrations as a critical incident

James Zhang and Joy Jenkins

3.4 Save the Children UK’s #blogladesh campaign and the change in humanitarian reporting

Glenda Cooper

3.5 Lives and livestreaming: Negotiating social media boundaries in the Christchurch terror attack in New Zealand

Matthew Chew and Edson C. Tandoc Jr.

SECTION IV: Consequences of Critical Incidents

4.1 Cross-border investigative collaboration on the surviving stories: The Forbidden Stories

Maria Konow-Lund and Eva-Karin Olsson

4.2 The Spiegel Affair, 1962: The incident that changed German journalism history and mediatized politics

Thomas Birkner and Sebastian Mallek

4.3 From disruptive power to trapped endurance: Egypt’s journalistic agency after the Tahrir Revolution

Hanan Badr

4.4 An uncritical incident?: Journalism and Indigenous deaths in custody in Australia

David Nolan and Lisa Waller

5 Critical incidents in journalism: Conceptualization, characteristics, communities, and consequences

Ryan J. Thomas, Edson C. Tandoc Jr., Oscar Westlund and Joy Jenkins

Index