Handbook on the Consequences of Sentencing and Punishment Decisions

Beth M. Huebner is a professor in the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice at the University of Missouri–St. Louis. Her principal research interests include the collateral consequences of incarceration, racial and gender disparities in the criminal justice system, and public policy. She is currently serving as co-principal investigator for the St. Louis County MacArthur Safety + Justice Challenge and collaborating on a study of monetary sanctions in Missouri with funding from the Arnold Foundation. She is the current chair of the Division on Corrections and Sentencing for the American Society of Criminology. She earned her PhD in Criminal Justice from Michigan State University in 2003. Natasha A. Frost is a professor in the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice at Northeastern University in Boston, Massachusetts. She also currently serves as associate dean for graduate studies in the College of Social Sciences and Humanities at Northeastern. Professor Frost’s primary scholarly interests are in the area of punishment and social control, with a focus on mass incarceration and its consequences. Professor Frost was recently awarded NIJ funding to study the many impacts of correctional officer suicide, with a specific focus on its impacts on the officer’s families, friends, co-workers, and supervisors, and on the well-being of those who continue to work in correctional settings where suicides have concentrated. Professor Frost holds a PhD in criminal justice from the City University of New York’s Graduate School and University Center (2004).

INTRODUCTION The Consequences of Sentencing and Punishment Decisions I. CONSEQUENCES OF PUNISHMENT DECISIONS 1. Historical Trends in Punishment and the Lens of American Federalism 2. Collateral Sanctions: The Intended Collateral Consequences of Felony Convictions II. BROAD IMPACTS 3. The Collateral Consequences of Incarceration for Housing 4. Residential Insecurities and Neighborhood Quality Following Incarceration 5. Impact of Incarceration on Employment Prospects 6. Incarceration, Reentry, and Health 7. The Psychological Effects of Contact with the Criminal Justice System 8. Impacts of Incarceration on Children and Families 9. Impacts of Conviction and Imprisonment for Women III. CONSEQUENCES OF SENTENCING DECISIONS 10. Punished for being Punished: Collateral Consequences of a Drug Offense Conviction 11. Compounded Stigmatization: Collateral Consequences of a Sex Offense Conviction 12. The Hidden Consequences of Visible Juvenile Records 13. Deportation as a Collateral Consequence IV. INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXTS 14. Mass Jail Incarceration and Its Consequences 15. Collateral Consequences of Pretrial Detention 16. The Impact of Restrictive Housing on Inmate Behavior: A Systematic Review of the Evidence 17. The Impacts of Privatization in Corrections: The State of Evidence and Recommendations for Moving Forward V. BROAD IMPLICATIONS 18. “Raise the Age” Legislation as a Prevention Approach to Address Mass Incarceration 19. Mass Incarceration in Jail and Family Visitation 20. The Hardest Time: Gang Members in Total Institutions 21. Exportation Hypothesis: Bringing Prison Violence Home to the Community