Learning Law and Travelling Europe: Study Journeys and the Developing Swedish Legal Profession, c. 1630–1800

Marianne Vasara-Aaltonen, LL.D. (2018), a postdoctoral researcher in Legal History at the University of Helsinki, has written on the history of the legal profession, legal education, and the judiciary in Sweden and Finland from the seventeenth to the twentieth centuries.

 Acknowledgements

 List of Figures and Tables



Part 1: Setting the Scene for Swedish Lawyers’ Travels

 1 Introduction

 1 Research Questions

 2 Previous Research

 3 Sources and Methods

 3.1 University Matriculation Records as Sources

 3.2 The Academy of Turku in Finland as Representing the Swedish Situation

 3.3 On Law Students and Universities

 3.4 Comparisons

 4 The Structure of the Book

 2 Studies Abroad as a European Phenomenon

 1 Universities in Europe

 1.1 The Character of Medieval and Early Modern Universities

 1.2 Teaching Law and the Emergence of a Legal Profession

 2 The Travelling Student throughout the Centuries

 2.1 The Peregrinatio Academica

 2.2 The Noble Traveller

 2.3 Swedes in Europe before the Seventeenth Century

 3 Issues of Religion

 3.1 The Universities and Confessional Questions

 3.2 Religious Control of Student Travels

 4 Summary



Part 2: Swedish Lawyers’ Education Abroad



 3 Turku Law Students at Dutch Universities

 1Leiden

 1.1 The University of Leiden

 1.2 Legal and Political Education in Leiden

 1.3 Backgrounds of Turku Students in Leiden

 1.4 Information on the Studies of Turku Students in Leiden

 1.5 Careers of Turku Students in Leiden

 2 Other Dutch Universities

 3 Summary



 4 Turku Law Students at German Universities

 1 Rostock

 1.1 The University of Rostock

 1.2 Legal Education in Rostock

 1.3 Backgrounds of Turku Students in Rostock

 1.4 Information on the Studies of Turku Students in Rostock

 1.5 Careers of Turku Students in Rostock

 2 Jena

 2.1 The University of Jena

 2.2 Legal Education in Jena

 2.3 Backgrounds of Turku Students in Jena

 2.4 Information on the Studies of Turku Students in Jena

 2.5 Careers of Turku Students in Jena

 3 Halle

 3.1 The University of Halle

 3.2 Legal Education in Halle

 3.3 Backgrounds of Turku Students in Halle

 3.4 Information on the Studies of Turku Students in Halle

 3.5 Careers of Turku Students in Halle

 3.6 The Francke Foundations in Halle

 4 Greifswald

 4.1 The University of Greifswald

 4.2 Legal Education in Greifswald

 4.3 Backgrounds of Turku Students in Greifswald

 4.4 Information on the Studies of Turku Students in Greifswald

 4.5 Careers of Turku Students in Greifswald

 5 Other German Universities

 6 Summary



 5 Beyond the Netherlands and Germany: Some Examples of Other Destinations

 1 Dorpat

 2 Rome

 3 “Other Travels Abroad”



Part 3: Reasons and Consequences



 6 Seventeenth-Century Sweden and the Rush to Study Abroad

 1 The Political Setting in Seventeenth-Century Sweden

 1.1 The Political Reality at the Turn of the Seventeenth Century

 1.2 Building a Great Power

 1.3 The Position of the Nobility

 1.4 Early Modern Diplomacy and the Swedish Lawyer

 2 The Restructuring of the Judiciary

 2.1 The Courts of Appeal

 2.2 The Local Courts of the Towns and Countryside

 2.3 Advocacy

 3 Educational Efforts in the Seventeenth Century

 3.1 Swedish Universities

 3.2 The Educated Nobleman

 3.3 Encouraging Studies Abroad in the Seventeenth Century

 4 Student Networks

 4.1 Networks of Turku Law Students

 4.2 Networks Abroad

 4.3 Patronage, Advancement, and Upward Social Mobility

 5 Summary



 7 The Choice of University

 1 Geography and War

 2 Religion

 2.1 Religious Control of Studies Abroad

 2.2 Pietism and Turku Law Students

 3 Swedish-Dutch Relations

 4 Summary



 8 The Decrease in Studies Abroad in the Eighteenth Century

 1 Changes in the Political Situation

 1.1 Absolutism, a Weakened Aristocracy, and the Great Northern War

 1.2 From the “Age of Liberty” to Gustav III’s Absolutism

 2 The Changing Swedish Universities

 3 A More Established Judiciary

 3.1 State Bureaucracy and Advancement in the Administrative System

 3.2 Courts of Appeal and Town Courts Compared

 4 From Reception of Foreign Law to Nationalist Inclinations?

 5 Summary



 9 Comparative Aspects

 1 The Swedish Way?

 2 The Lawyers’ Way?



 10 Conclusions



 Appendix 1 Swedish Monarchs 1523–1809

 Appendix 2 The Structure of the Swedish Central Administration

 Sources and Bibliography

  Archival Sources

  Printed Sources

  Literature

  Online Sources

  Unpublished Presentations

 Index of Names

 Index of Subjects and Places