Rights, Race, and Reform

Kristin Henning is the Agnes N. Williams Research Professor of Law and Director of the Juvenile Justice Clinic and Initiative at Georgetown Law. Her scholarship on race, adolescence, and juvenile justice appears in journals such as the Cornell Law Review, California Law Review, and NYU Law Review and in books such as Policing the Black Man (Random House, 2017) and Punishment in Popular Culture (NYU Press, 2015). Henning was formerly the Lead Attorney for the Juvenile Unit of the D.C. Public Defender Service and worked closely with the Juvenile Indigent Defense Action Network to develop and co-author the Juvenile Training Immersion Program, a national training curriculum for juvenile defenders. She is the Director of the Mid-Atlantic Juvenile Defender Center and an Adviser to American Law Institute’s Restatement on Children and the Law. She has also served as an expert consultant to the U.S. Department of Justice’s Civil Rights Division and as an investigator in several state assessments of access to counsel for accused youth. Henning has received several awards, including the Robert E. Shepherd, Jr. Award for Excellence in Juvenile Defense by the National Juvenile Defender Center. Laura Cohen is Distinguished Clinical Professor of Law, the Justice Virginia Long Scholar, and Director of the Criminal and Youth Justice Clinic at Rutgers Law School. She also co-directs both the Rutgers Center on Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice and the Northeast Juvenile Defender Center, and has served as an expert consultant to the U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division in its investigation of systemic due process violations in the St. Louis County, Missouri Juvenile Court. Previously, Cohen was a staff attorney and Director of Training for the New York City Legal Aid Society’s Juvenile Rights Practice. Her scholarship explores topics ranging from juvenile justice and parole to legal ethics and lawyering theory, with a particular focus on the legal representation of adolescents. Cohen has received numerous awards for her work, including the MacArthur Foundation’s Champion for Change Award and the National Juvenile Defender Center’s Robert E. Shepherd Award for Excellence in Juvenile Defense. Ellen Marrus is the Royce Till Professor of Law at the University of Houston Law Center, the founder and Director of the Center for Children, Law & Policy (CCLP), and the co-director of the Southwest Juvenile Defender Center (SWJDC). She teaches juvenile law, street law, children and the law, professional responsibility, and practice-related courses, and directs clinical programs, including child advocacy clinics and a lab component for her children and a law course where students receive hands-on experience in child dependency cases. In her capacity as Director of CCLP and SWJDC, Marrus has provided technical assistance to public defenders, court appointed juvenile attorneys, the U.S. Department of Justice, juvenile probation, and federal and state legislators. She concentrates her scholarship in the areas of juvenile law, children’s rights, and professionalism, with a focus on representing children in various proceedings and the intersection of juvenile justice with race and gender.

1. Introduction; 2. Acknowledgements; 3. Notes on Contributors; 4. The Many Stories of In re Gault - Zawadi S. Baharanyi & Randy Hertz; 5. Arizona Before and After In re Gault: Has Arizona Realized the Promises of Gault? - Ellen Marrus & Chris M. Phillis; 6. Toward Equal Recognition, Representation, and Protection: Legal and Extra-Legal Advocacy for Black Youth in the Juvenile Justice System - Kristin Henning, Jenadee Nanini & Geoff Ward; 7. A New Juvenile Jurisprudence: How Adolescent Development Research and Relentless Defense Advocacy Revolutionized Criminal Law and Jurisprudence - Eduardo Ferrer; 8. The Due Process Revolution in New York’s Juvenile Court: The Early Years After Gault - Martin Guggenheim; 9. Gault’s Ripple Effect: The Founding of Juvenile Law Center - Robert Schwartz; 10. Specializing in Juvenile Defense: The D.C. Public Defender Service as a Case Study - Kristin Henning, Randy Hertz, & Hannah McElhinny; 11. The Role of Law School Clinics in Implementing the Gault Decision - Wallace Mlyniec & Meghan Strong; 12. Raising the Bar: Pushing Back on the Myth that Teenagers Become Adults When They are Prosecuted as Adults - Nancy Ginsberg; 13. Building a National Juvenile Defense Community: The National Juvenile Defender Center - Patricia Puritz; 14. Being David: The Future of Juvenile Defense and the Goliath of Youth Injustice - Mary Ann Scali; 15. Pride and Prejudice: Juvenile Defenders for Racial Justice - Kristin Henning & Erin Keith; 16. Gerald Gault, Meet Brendan Dassey: Preventing Juvenile False and Coerced Confession in the Twenty-First Century - Laura Nirider, Megan Crane & Steven Drizin; 17. No More "Desert Devil’s Island": The Right to Counsel for Incarcerated Children - Laura Cohen & Sandra Simkins; 18. Gault at 50: What Juvenile Defenders Can Do to Dismantle the Youth Prison Model - Liz Ryan & Carmen Daugherty; 19. Busting the "Juvenile Super-Predator" Myth - Laura Cohen & Jane Spinak