Solitary Confinement

Jules Lobel is the Bessie Mckee Walthour Endowed Chair Professor of Law at the University of Pittsburgh Law School. He was President of the Center for Constitutional Rights from 2011-2017, a prominent constitutional and human rights NGO based in New York City and is still a cooperating attorney with that organization. He argued Wilkinson v. Austin in the United States Supreme Court, addressing the due process rights of Ohio prisoners held in prolonged solitary confinement in that State's supermax prison. He is currently lead counsel, on behalf of the Center for Constitutional Rights in Ashker v. Brown, a class action challenge to prolonged solitary confinement in California that has resulted in more than 1500 prisoners being released from solitary confinement. Peter Scharff Smith is Professor in the Sociology of Law at the University of Oslo. He has studied history and social science, holds a PhD from the University of Copenhagen and has also done research at the University of Cambridge and at the Danish Institute of Human Rights. Smith has published books and articles in Danish, English and German on prisons, punishment and human rights, including works on prison history, prisoner's children and the use and effects of solitary confinement in prisons.

Contributors
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1: Solitary Confinement-from Extreme Isolation to Prison Reform
Jules Lobel and Peter Scharff Smith

PART ONE: Two Centuries of Solitary Confinement

Chapter 2: Solitary Confinement-Effects and Practices from the Nineteenth Century until Today
Peter Scharff Smith

Chapter 3: Global Perspectives on Solitary Confinement-Practices and Reforms Worldwide
Manfred Nowak

Chapter 4: Solitary Confinement Across Borders
Sharon Shalev

Chapter 5: The Rise of Supermax Imprisonment in the United States
Keramet Reiter

Chapter 6: Not Isolating Isolation
Judith Resnik

Chapter 7: Torture, Solitary Confinement and International Law
Juan E. Mendez

PART TWO: Mind, Body and Soul - The Harms and Experience of Solitary Confinement

Chapter 8: Solitary Confinement, Loneliness, and Psychological Harm
Craig Haney

Chapter 9: First Do No Harm: Applying the Harms-to-Benefit Patient Safety Framework to Solitary Confinement
Brie Williams and Cyrus Ahalt

Chapter 10: Mythbusting Solitary Confinement in Jail
Homer Venters

Chapter 11: Social Isolation, Loneliness, and Health
Louise Hawkley

Chapter 12: The Brain in Isolation
A Neuroscientist's Perspective on Solitary Confinement
Huda Akil

Chapter 13: Use of Animals to Study the Neurobiological Effects of Isolation: Historical and Current Perspectives
Michael J. Zigmond and Richard Jay Smeyne

Chapter 14: Sharing Experiences of Solitary Confinement-Prisoners and Staff
Robert King, Dolores Canales, Jack Morris, Lieutenant Armondo Sosa

PART THREE: Prison reform, prison litigation and human rights

Chapter 15: The Management of High Security Prisoners: Alternatives to Solitary Confinement
Andrew Coyle

Chapter 16: Resisting Supermax: Rediscovering a Humane Approach to the Management of High Risk Prisoners
Jamie Bennett

Chapter 17: Prisoners Association as an Alternative to Solitary Confinement-Lessons Learned From a Norwegian High Security Prison
Are Høidal

Chapter 18: Colorado Ends Prolonged, Indeterminate Solitary Confinement
Rick Raemisch

Chapter 19: Reflections on North Dakota's Sustained Solitary Confinement Reform
Leann Bertsch

Chapter 20: Solitary Confinement in Canada
Joseph J. Arvay, and Alison M. Latimer

Chapter 21: "Loneliness is a destroyer of humanity."
Jesse Wilson, Held in Solitary Confinement at United States Penitentiary, Administrative Maximum Facility (ADX) in Florence, Colorado
Amy Fettig and David C. Fathi

Chapter 22: Litigation to End Indeterminate Solitary Confinement in California: The Role of Inter-Disciplinary and Comparative Experts
Jules Lobel