The End of China’s Non-Intervention Policy in Africa (eBook)

Obert Hodzi is Visiting Researcher at the African Studies Center, Boston University, USA, and Postdoctoral Researcher at the University of Helsinki, Finland.

Contents 6
Abbreviations 7
List of Figures 10
List of Tables 11
Chapter 1: Rising Powers and Intervention in Foreign Intrastate Armed Conflicts 12
1.1 Introduction 12
1.2 Making Sense of the Intervention Behaviour of Rising Powers 16
1.3 Why China? 18
1.4 Methodology 22
1.4.1 Selection of Intrastate Armed Conflict Cases for Study 26
1.4.2 Data Collection and Analysis 32
1.5 Definition of Key Terms 34
1.5.1 Intervention 34
1.5.2 Intrastate Armed Conflicts 36
1.6 Book Outline 40
Bibliography 46
Chapter 2: Bringing China into the Foreign Intervention Discourse 49
2.1 Introduction 49
2.2 Intervention in IR: Marginality of Non-Western Rising Powers 50
2.3 Bringing China In 58
2.4 Reimagining Intervention 62
Bibliography 73
Chapter 3: Cyclical Patterns of China’s Intervention Policy 77
3.1 Introduction 77
3.2 Intervention in Imperial China 78
3.3 Incorporation of Imperial China into a Truly International System of States 82
3.4 Reimagining the International and Intervention: China Under Mao 84
3.5 The Beginning of Intervention in African Conflicts by China 87
3.6 China First: Africa in Deng Xiaoping’s China 92
3.7 Prosperous China and Re-emergence of Intervention in Africa 96
3.8 The Cyclical Pattern in China’s External Intervention Behaviour: A Recap 99
Bibliography 108
Chapter 4: Libya 111
4.1 Introduction 111
4.2 Background of China-Libya Relations 112
4.3 Troubled Diplomatic Relations 114
4.4 China-Libya Economic and Trade Engagements 116
4.5 China’s Involvement in Libya’s Industry 119
4.6 Implications of the Libyan Armed Conflict on China’s Economic and Trade Interests 122
4.7 China’s Intervention in Libyan Armed Conflict 125
4.7.1 Non-intervention 126
4.7.2 Transition from Non-intervention to Pragmatic Intervention 130
4.7.3 China’s Complicity in Multilateral Intervention in the Libyan Intrastate Armed Conflict 131
4.7.4 Engagement with the NTC and Mediation Attempts 136
4.7.5 Evacuation and Protection of Chinese Nationals 140
4.8 The Ambivalence of China’s Intervention in Libya 141
Bibliography 149
Chapter 5: Mali 151
5.1 Introduction 151
5.2 China-Mali Political and Diplomatic Relations 152
5.3 Sino-Mali Economic and Trade Relations 155
5.4 Insurrections and Coup d’états: A Test to China’s Non-intervention Principle 158
5.5 From Indifference to “Concern” 161
5.6 From Concern to Rhetorical Support for Mediation 165
5.7 Multilateral Action 167
5.8 Conclusion: Striking a Balance Between Intervention and Non-intervention 169
Bibliography 177
Chapter 6: South Sudan 179
6.1 Introduction 179
6.2 Background of China-South Sudan Relations 180
6.3 The Genesis of Beijing-SPLM Relations 186
6.4 China-SPLM Courtship: Building Relations for a Mutually Beneficial Future? 187
6.5 China in Independent South Sudan 191
6.6 China and the South Sudan Intrastate Armed Conflict 194
6.7 Unilateral and Multilateral Mediation 197
6.8 China as the “Go-Between” 200
6.9 Multilateral Intervention: Leveraging on IGAD 203
6.10 Multilateral Intervention: UN Peacekeeping as a Platform 204
6.11 Conclusion 205
Bibliography 215
Chapter 7: Conclusion: Trends and Patterns of China’s Intervention in Africa 218
7.1 Introduction 218
7.2 Emerging Trends and Patterns 220
7.2.1 Flexible Interpretation of the Non-intervention Principle 221
7.2.2 As China’s Relative Economic Power Increases, Its External Intervention Is Increasing 225
7.2.3 Changes in Perception of Foreign Intrastate Armed Conflicts as Threats Are Leading to More Intervention 230
7.2.4 No Opposition to Intervention by Western Global Powers 231
7.2.5 China Is Increasingly Using UN Peacekeeping Operations to Intervene in Africa 233
7.2.6 From Passive and Inactive to Assertive and Proactive Intervention Approach 237
7.3 Implications for Understandings of Intervention 239
Bibliography 243
Bibliography 247
Index 270