Delivering Collective Redress

Christopher Hodges is Professor of Justice Systems, Supernumerary Fellow of Wolfson College, Oxford, and Head of the Swiss Re Research Programme on Civil Justice Systems at the Centre for Socio-Legal Studies, Oxford. Stefaan Voet is Associate Professor at the University of Leuven and a host professor at the University of Hasselt in Belgium.

1. Introduction: The Scope and the Criteria
I. Background and Principal Objective
II. The Techniques
III. Description of the Project and Methodology
IV. Criteria for Evaluation of Mechanisms
V. General Outline of this Book
VI. Major Findings
2. European Policy and Mechanisms for Collective Redress
I. Diverse Approaches and Piecemeal Legislation
II. The Public–Private Split
III. Objectives and Outcomes Replace Mechanisms
IV. Consumer Enforcement
V. Consumer Collective Redress: Policy Debates
VI. Commission’s Recommendation on Collective Redress Mechanisms
VII. The Political and Technical Conundrum
VIII. Business Concerns on Ineffective Safeguards
IX. Consumer Concerns from Business Scandals
X. Proposals in 2016/17
XI. Competition Damages
XII. Data Protection
XIII. Investors
XIV. Conclusions
3. Collective Actions
I. Introduction
II. Belgium
III. Bulgaria
IV. England and Wales
V. Finland
VI. France
VII. Germany
VIII. Italy
IX. Lithuania
X. The Netherlands
XI. Poland
XII. Sweden
4. Criminal Compensation: Stand-alone and Consecutive Piggy-back
I. Belgium
II. United Kingdom
5. Regulatory Redress
I. Concept
II. The Range of Mechanisms of Regulatory Redress
III. Examples of the Powers
6. Ombudsmen
I. Typology
II. National Ombudsmen Schemes
7. Reassessing the Objectives
I. The Primary Objectives
II. Delivering Compensation
III. Affecting Future Behaviour
IV. Empirical Evidence on the Failure of the US Class Action as a Regulatory Mechanism
V. The Objectives Restated: Multi-functionalism
8. Conclusions
I. Overview of the Mechanisms
II. Applying the Criteria
III. Empirical Conclusions on the Mechanisms
IV. Implications of the Findings