Megatrends and Air Transport (eBook)

Dr. Ruwantissa Abeyratne has worked in the field of aviation law and management for thirty four years. He is currently President/CEO of Global Aviation Consultancies Inc., and Senior Associate, Air Law and Policy at Aviation Strategies International, both of which are consultancies headquartered in Montreal.At retirement from the International Civil Aviation Organization after 23 years of service at various senior positions in air transport and air law, Dr. Abeyratne was Coordinator, Air transport Programmes as well as Senior Legal Officer, heading the Treaty Office of ICAO. He also advised States on their registration and depository obligations with regard to international treaties and their adherence thereto and was General Counsel for ICAO staff members. Prior to his service at ICAO, Dr. Abeyratne was, for 8 years at Airlanka, serving the airline as Chief Coordinator and Head of International Relations and Insurance. Dr. Abeyratne, holds the degree of doctor of civil laws (DCL) from McGill University, the degree of doctor of philosophy (PhD) from the University of Colombo, the degree of master of laws (LL.M) from Monash University, Victoria, Australia, and the degree of bachelor of laws (LL.B) from the University of Colombo.

Preface 5
Contents 9
Table of Cases 12
A 12
B 12
C 12
D 13
E 13
F 13
G 13
H 14
I 14
J 14
L 14
M 14
N 14
O 14
P 15
Q 15
R 15
S 15
T 15
U 16
V 16
W 16
Chapter 1: Megatrends and Air Transport: An Overview 17
1.1 Future of Aerospace Transport 17
1.2 The Future of Air Transport Law 20
1.3 Where Is the World Headed? 23
1.4 Challenges Facing Air Transport Law 25
1.4.1 Nationalism and Sovereignty 25
1.4.2 Market Access 27
1.4.3 The Role of ICAO in Air Transport 28
1.4.4 Commercial Space Transport 29
1.4.5 Rights of the Passenger 30
1.4.6 Conclusion 31
1.5 Digital Transformation of Air Transport 32
1.5.1 Technology and Air Transport 36
1.5.1.1 Drones 37
1.5.1.2 Robotic Pilots 39
1.5.2 Human-Robot Interface and The Law: The Pilot 40
1.5.3 Cognitive Computing 42
1.6 Empowerment and Connectivity of the Passenger 45
1.7 The Overview 48
1.8 The United Nations Megatrend 49
1.9 The Eleven SDG´S Relevant to Aviation 54
1.9.1 Good Health 54
1.9.2 Quality Education 57
1.9.3 Gender Equality 57
1.9.4 The Climate Change Equation 58
1.9.5 Work Leading Up to the 39th ICAO Assembly 62
1.9.6 Considerations of the 39th ICAO Assembly 67
1.9.7 The Assembly Resolution 71
1.9.8 The Climate Change Megatrend: Renewables and Alternative Fuels 78
1.9.9 Economic Issues 81
1.9.10 Industry Innovation and Infrastructure 82
1.9.11 Obstacles to ICAO Supporting the SDGs 83
1.10 ICAO´S Approach to Megatrends 85
1.10.1 The Assembly Resolutions: The Legal Field 88
1.10.1.1 Conflict of Interest in Civil Aviation 88
1.10.1.2 Assistance to Victims of Aviation Accidents and Their Families 89
1.10.1.3 The Montreal Convention (1999) 90
1.10.1.4 The Beijing Convention and Protocol 91
1.10.1.5 The Consolidated Statement on Legal Issues 95
1.10.2 The Assembly Resolutions: Safety And Security 96
1.10.2.1 Safety 96
1.10.2.2 Security 97
References 100
Chapter 2: Global Balance of Power and Aviation 103
2.1 Introduction 103
2.1.1 The New World Order 103
2.1.2 Stultification and Innovation 109
2.2 Brexit and Air Transport 117
2.2.1 The Brexit Process 120
2.2.2 Air Traffic Rights in Europe 120
2.2.3 How Market Access Is Determined for EU Carriers 122
2.2.4 How Market Access Would Be Determined for UK Carriers After Brexit 124
2.2.5 The 12 Options 125
2.3 Connecting the Dots 127
2.4 The US Carriers vs the Middle East Carriers 132
2.5 Subsidies in Air Transport Services 138
References 143
Chapter 3: E-Trends and Air Transport 146
3.1 Biometric Identification 146
3.1.1 Directive 2006/24/EC 148
3.1.2 Case Law 150
3.1.3 A Recent Initiative 151
3.1.4 Industry Views 153
3.2 Apps That Make Air Travel Easier 155
3.3 Apps That Should Help the Authorities 160
3.4 Artificial Intelligence and the Flight Deck 163
References 167
Chapter 4: Effect of Megatrends on Airports 168
4.1 Congestion 168
4.1.1 The American Example 169
4.1.2 The European Example 170
4.1.3 The Vumbaca Case 171
4.1.3.1 Terminal One 172
4.1.3.2 The Court´s Findings 174
4.1.4 Airports and Risk Management 175
4.2 Communications: The Fort Lauderdale Case 180
4.2.1 Interaction Between the Airport and Airline 182
4.3 Regulatory Principles of Airport Management 185
References 187
Chapter 5: Artificial Intelligence and Air Transport 188
5.1 Technical Issues 188
5.2 Ethical Issues 190
5.3 Legal Issues 193
5.4 Manufacturer´s Defects 194
5.5 Design Defects 197
5.6 Failure to Warn 201
5.7 Artificial Intelligence and Treaty Law 202
5.7.1 Annex 1 to the Chicago Convention 202
5.7.2 The Tokyo Convention 205
5.7.3 The Inflight Security Officer as a Solution? 207
5.7.4 The Warsaw and Montreal Conventions 209
5.7.5 The Super Co-Pilot 214
References 215
Chapter 6: Millennials and Disruptive Innovation 216
6.1 The Indian Case Study 223
6.2 Comment 226
References 226
Chapter 7: The Internet of Everything 227
7.1 Medical Issues 228
7.2 Mental Injury 230
7.3 Safety Issues 236
7.4 Crew Resource Management (CRM) 250
7.5 Germanwings Flight 9525 255
References 257
Chapter 8: Conclusion 259
Index 263