Human Rights Protection by the ECtHR and the ECJ

Elisa Ravasi, Ph.D. (2017), University of Zurich. Researcher in European and Human Rights Law. In 2014 she was awarded the grant Doc.CH by the Swiss National Science Foundation for Human Rights Protection by the ECtHR and the ECJ (Brill, 2017).

 Acknowledgements
 List of Figures
 Abbreviations
 Case-law Index

1 Introduction
 I Contextualisation of the Research Thesis
  A Double System of Human Rights Protection in Europe
  B Challenges of the Two International Legal Systems in Europe
  C Solutions to the Challenges of the Double System
 II Aims of the Research Thesis
  A Contribution to Legal Research
  B Structure and Methodology of the Research
 III Remarks on Terminology and Formal Elements
   Equivalency Doctrine
   Difference between European Union (eu) and European Community (ec)
   The Luxembourg Courts
   The Strasbourg Authorities
   Parallel Specificities of echr and eu Law
   Other Formalities

2 Doctrine of Equivalent Protection
 I Origin and Evolution of the Principle of Equivalent Protection
  A German Jurisprudence on eu Law
  B Strasbourg Jurisprudence on eu Law up to Bosphorus
  C ‘Equivalent protection’ in Strasbourg and in Karlsruhe
 II Tensions between Human Rights Protection and International Cooperation
  A Multilateral Cooperation in the Framework of International Organisations
  B Protection from International Acts and Decisions under the echr
 III Competence ratione personae of the ECtHR
  A State Jurisdiction
  B Attribution of the Impugned Act
  C Risk of Inconsistencies in the Protection of Human Rights in Europe
 IV Equivalency Doctrine
  A Exceptions to the Incompetence ratione personae
  B Competence ratione personae by Attribution to the State
 V Conclusion on the Strasbourg Equivalency Doctrine
   No State Intervention and Light Principle of Equivalency
   Attribution of the Impugned Act to the International Organisation
   Attribution of the Impugned Act to the State – Strict Principle of Equivalency and Principle of Protection sui generis

3 Fundamental Rights Protection in the eu
 I Preliminary Remarks
  A Frameworks and Standards of the Equivalency Analysis
  B Foreword on the Charter of Fundamental Rights
 II Rights Related to Names
  A Introduction on Naming Law
  B ECtHR’s Case-law on Naming Law
  C ecj’s Case-law on Naming Law
  D Evaluation of the Equivalency
 III Principle ne bis in idem
  A Introduction on ne bis in idem
  B ECtHR’s Case-law on ne bis in idem
  C ecj’s Case-law on ne bis in idem
  D Evaluation of Equivalency
 IV Equality of Arms in eu Competition Law
  A Introduction on Equality of Arms and on eu Competition Law
  B ECtHR’s Case-law on Equality of Arms
  C ecj’s Case-law on Equality of Arms in Competition Law
  D Evaluation of the Equivalency
 V Conclusion on the Equivalency of the ecj’s Fundamental Rights Protection
  A The Sectorial Results of the Comparative Analysis
  B General Assessment of the Presumed Equivalent Protection
  C Nearly Equivalent Protection of the ecj
  D Maintenance of the Equivalency Presumption

4 Conclusion
 I Results of Part 2 – Equivalency Doctrine
  A Prevention of Circumvention of Conventional Obligations
  B Prevention of a State’s Unconditional Responsibility for International Acts
 II Results of Part 3 – Human Rights Protection in the eu
 III Going Forward – the eu-echr Relationship

Annexes
   Annex 1: ECtHR’s Case-law on the Strict Principle of Equivalency
   Annex 2: ECtHR’s Equivalency Doctrine

 Literature
 Index