Reconceptualising European Equality Law

Johanna Croon-Gestefeld is Postdoctoral Fellow at Bucerius Law School.

1. Introduction
I. Equality: A Fundamental Principle Based on not so Stable Fundaments
II. The Need for Reconceptualising Equality Law or the Rationalist Human Rights Paradigm
III. EU Law as the Laboratory of Constitutional Theory
IV. The Institutional Choice Approach to EU Equality Law
2. The Notion of Equality
I. Why Equality?
II. What Kind of Equality?
III. The Relationship of Equality and Non-discrimination
3. Equality Testing: Different Kinds of Scrutiny
I. Three Standards of Scrutiny
II. Traditional Interpretive Explanation
III. Changing Perspectives: A Comparative Institutional Explanation
IV. Conclusion
4. Differential Treatment of EU Citizens
I. Non-discrimination on Grounds of Nationality: A Leitmotiv of the TFEU
II. Article 18(1) TFEU: A Relative Right to Equal Treatment
III. Challenges to the Equal Treatment of EU Citizens
IV. Equal Treatment of EU Citizens: An Institutional Choice Reconstruction
V. Conclusion
5. Reverse Discrimination
I. Reverse Discrimination: Its Definition, Egalitarian Tune and Relevance
II. The European Court of Justice’s Handling of Reverse Discrimination
III. The Fundamental Boundaries Concern—or Institutional Choice in the Supranational Context
6. Affirmative Action for Women
I. The European Union Jurisprudence
II. The American Experience
III. Translating the American Experience to the European Debate
IV. Comparative Institutional Analysis of Affirmative Action
7. Conclusion
I. Breaking down the Divides
II. The Four Conceivable Relations between Equality Review and Institutional Choice
III. More Coherence through Doctrinal Adaptation
IV. Summary of the Thesis in Eight Points