OECD Reviews of Labour Market and Social Policies: Colombia 2016 (eBook)
216 Seiten
OECD Publishing (Verlag)
978-92-64-24482-5 (ISBN)
Colombia has made major economic and social advances in recent years. The combination of strong economic growth and policies targeted at the most vulnerable groups improved considerably the living standards of the Colombian population. Today, the country enjoys higher employment and labour force participation rates than the average of OECD countries and unemployment is steadily declining. Nevertheless, despite these positive trends, deep structural problems remain. Labour informality is widespread, the rate of self-employment is high and many employees have non-regular contracts. Income inequality is higher than in any OECD country and redistribution through taxes and benefits is almost negligible. In addition, half a century of internal conflict and violence has displaced a significant part of the population, and many of them are living in extreme poverty. Despite considerable progress, violence continues to be a challenge and also affects trade union members and leaders. The Colombian Government has undertaken important reforms in recent years to address these labour market and social challenges, and the efforts are gradually paying off. However, further progress is needed to enhance the quality of jobs and well-being for all. The main trust of this report is to support the Colombian Government in tackling labour market duality, generate trust between the social partners, develop inclusive and active social policies, and get the most out of international migration.
Colombia has made major economic and social advances in recent years. The combination of strong economic growth and policies targeted at the most vulnerable groups improved considerably the living standards of the Colombian population. Today, the country enjoys higher employment and labour force participation rates than the average of OECD countries and unemployment is steadily declining. Nevertheless, despite these positive trends, deep structural problems remain. Labour informality is widespread, the rate of self-employment is high and many employees have non-regular contracts. Income inequality is higher than in any OECD country and redistribution through taxes and benefits is almost negligible. In addition, half a century of internal conflict and violence has displaced a significant part of the population, and many of them are living in extreme poverty. Despite considerable progress, violence continues to be a challenge and also affects trade union members and leaders. The Colombian Government has undertaken important reforms in recent years to address these labour market and social challenges, and the efforts are gradually paying off. However, further progress is needed to enhance the quality of jobs and well-being for all. The main trust of this report is to support the Colombian Government in tackling labour market duality, generate trust between the social partners, develop inclusive and active social policies, and get the most out of international migration.
Foreword 5
Table of contents 7
Acronyms and abbreviations 11
Executive summary 13
Assessment and recommendations 15
Towards a more equal society 15
Policies addressing labour market duality 18
Enhancing social dialogue 21
Enforcing labour rights 26
Improving redistribution through social policy 28
Making the most out of migration 31
Chapter 1. Strong growth but unequal Colombian society 37
1. Sustained economic growth owing to a mining boom and prudent macroeconomic management 38
2. Improved labour market outcomes hide deep structural problems 40
3. High but slowly declining income inequality and poverty 49
4. Changing patterns of migration 54
5. Internal displacement related to conflict and violence 58
6. Conclusions 59
Notes 60
References 60
Chapter 2. Towards more equal job opportunities in Colombia 63
1. Introduction 64
2. Policies addressing labour informality 64
3. High minimum wage has become the wage norm for many formal and informal employees 73
4. A new unemployment protection system has been put in place 78
5. Labour legislation is circumvented by civil-law contracts 81
6. Conclusions 91
Notes 94
References 95
Chapter 3. Enforcing labour rights in Colombia 99
1. Introduction 100
2. Trade union activities are affected by high rates of violence 100
3. Challenging industrial relations 109
4. The labour inspection system has been strengthened but challenges remain 123
5. Slow labour justice system despite efficient pre-court conciliation mechanism 131
6. Conclusions 132
Notes 135
References 137
Chapter 4. Improving redistribution in Colombia through social policy 143
1. Introduction 144
2. Targeting social protection in Colombia 150
3. Pensions 152
4. Health 154
5. Family 155
6. Gender 161
7. Housing 162
8. Policies for population in poverty or vulnerability 165
9. Conclusions 173
Notes 177
References 178
Database references 184
Annex 4.A1. UNIDOS: Dimensions and targets 185
Chapter 5. Making the most out of international migration for Colombia 187
1. Introduction 188
2. Engaging with the diaspora 188
3. Policies on return migration 194
4. Policies on immigration and integration of immigrants 198
5. International co-operation: A promising path with mutual benefits 206
6. Conclusions 210
Notes 212
References 212
| Erscheint lt. Verlag | 20.1.2016 |
|---|---|
| Sprache | englisch |
| Themenwelt | Recht / Steuern ► Arbeits- / Sozialrecht ► Sozialrecht |
| Recht / Steuern ► EU / Internationales Recht | |
| Sozialwissenschaften ► Pädagogik ► Sozialpädagogik | |
| Sozialwissenschaften ► Politik / Verwaltung ► Staat / Verwaltung | |
| Sozialwissenschaften ► Soziologie | |
| ISBN-10 | 92-64-24482-4 / 9264244824 |
| ISBN-13 | 978-92-64-24482-5 / 9789264244825 |
| Haben Sie eine Frage zum Produkt? |
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