Legal Reminders for Architects (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Legal Reminders for Architects 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
Foreword 8
Preface 10
Introduction: The Law 12
Introduction 12
Acts or Statutes 13
Agency law 14
Amendment 14
British Standards 14
Building Regulations: Approved Documents 15
Case Law 15
Codes of Practice 15
Commencement 16
Contract law 16
Guidance Material 17
Negligence 17
Official Guidance 17
Repeal 18
Statute law 18
Statutory Instruments 18
Tort 19
Chapter 1. Town and Country Planning 20
Introduction 20
Access to the Countryside 20
Agricultural and Forestry Development in National Parks etc 21
Agricultural land: Development 22
Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty 23
Areas of Special Scientific Interest 23
Common Land 23
Conservation and the Countryside 24
Conservation Areas 25
Crown land 25
Derelict land 26
Development in Areas off Outstanding Natural Beauty, National Parks etc 26
Development Plans 27
Environmentally Sensitive Areas 27
Green Lanes 28
Inner Urban Areas 28
Limestone Pavement Orders 29
Local Plans 29
Marine Nature Reserves 30
National Nature Reserves 30
National Parks 31
New Towns 31
Planning Blight 32
Recreation in the Countryside 32
Simplified Planning Zones 32
Sites of Archaeological Interest 33
Structure Plans 34
Tree Preservation Orders 34
Trees in Conservation Areas 35
Trees in Woodlands 35
Unitary Development Plans 36
Urban Regeneration 36
Chapter 2. Development Control 38
Introduction 38
Advertisement Control for Business Names 39
Advertisements on Building Sites 39
Advertisements on Buildings 40
Bad-Neighbour Development 41
Building Preservation Notices 42
"Calling-in" Planning Applications 42
Captive Balloons for Advertising 42
Caravan: Definitions for Planning Purposes 43
Caravan Sites 43
Caravan Sites Licence 44
Caravan Sites on Crown land 44
Change of Use 45
Churches and Burial Grounds 45
Compensation for Planning Constraints 46
Crown land: Development 46
Crown Land: Sale off Land 47
Deemed Planning Permission 47
Development and Material Change off Use 47
Development as defined in the Town and Country Planning Act 1971 48
Development Corporations 49
Enforcement Notices 49
Enforcement off Planning Controls 50
Enterprise Zones: Local Government 50
Fees for Planning Applications 51
Flagpoles and Forecourts 52
General Development Orders 53
Historic Buildings 53
Industrial Development Certificates 54
Landscaping 54
Lay-bys: Development by Snack Vans etc 55
Listed Buildings 55
Mineral Working 56
Office Development Permits 57
Outline Planning Permission 57
Permitted Development 58
Permitted Development: Dwelling Houses 59
Permitted Development: Industrial Buildings 60
Planning Appeals 61
Planning Applications Registers 62
Planning Gains 63
Register of Planning Applications 63
Reserved Matters within Planning Permission 64
Retrospective Planning Permission 65
"Section 52 Agreements" 65
Sight Lines 66
Site Notices 66
Special Control Areas 66
Statutory Undertakers 67
Stop Notices 67
Street lamps 68
Urban Development Corporations 68
Use Classes 69
Use Classes: List in Alphabetical Order 70
Use Classes: Outline Definitions 72
Chapter 3. Compulsory Purchase 74
Introduction 74
Certificate of Appropriate Alternative Development 74
Compensation for Compulsory Purchase 75
Compulsory Purchase Powers 75
Lands Tribunal 76
Chapter 4. Highways 78
Introduction 78
Highways and their Like 78
Access to Premises: Stopping Up 79
Barbed Wire Fences 80
Building Lines 80
Building Materials Delivered on Highways 80
Constructions Over Highways 81
Damage to Road Surfaces 81
Discharges onto Highways 81
Doors Opening onto the Street 82
Fires near Highways 82
Hedges and Trees 82
Noise Insulation from Highways 83
Parking: Goods Vehicles 83
Private Streets 83
Projections over the Street 84
Public Footpaths 84
Retaining Walls 85
Road Humps 85
Stiles and Gates 85
Yards and Passages 86
Chapter 5. Site Appraisal 88
Introduction 88
Abatement Notices 88
Access from the Highway 89
Badgers 89
Bats 90
Boundaries 90
Builder's Skips 91
Building and Improvement Lines 91
Building Surveys 92
Coal Mining Areas 92
Contributory Negligence 93
Covenants 93
Discharge off Restrictive Covenants 93
Easements 94
Established Use Certificates 94
Information Available to the Public 95
Information for the Client 96
Information from Unauthorised Sources 96
Land Charges Register 96
Local Land Charges Registers 97
Mining Subsidence 98
Occupier's Liability 98
Party Walls 99
Pipe Lines and Transmission Lines 100
Prohibition Notices 100
Protected Plants 101
Public Nuisance 101
Quasi-easements 101
Rats and Mice 102
Restrictive Covenants 103
Right of Light 103
Right of Support 103
Right off Way 104
Tree Roots and Buildings 104
Wildlife Protection 105
Chapter 6. Public Health 106
Introduction 106
Cesspools and Septic Tanks 106
Compensation for Damage by Local Authorities 107
Culverts 107
Drains 107
Drains and Sanitary Fittings 107
Food Infestation 108
Fumigation of Buildings 108
Hazardous Substances 109
Petrol Tanks 109
Refuse Collection from Houses 110
Sewers 110
Sewers: Private 111
Sewers: Public 111
Statutory Nuisances 111
Trade Effluent 112
Trade Waste 113
Unoccupied Buildings 113
Waste 114
Water Authorities 114
Water Supply and Fittings 114
Wells and Boreholes 115
Chapter 7. Building Control 118
Introduction 118
Building Control: Definitions 119
Alterations to Deposited Plans 120
Approved Inspectors 120
Building Act 1984 121
Building Control Exemptions 122
Building Control Fees 122
Building Notice 123
Building over Sewers 123
Chimneys: Industrial 124
City of London and the Inner and Middle Temple 124
Dangerous Buildings 124
Defective Premises 125
Demolition 125
Demolition Under Streets 126
Flood Defences 127
Inner London Building Control 127
Inner London Boroughs 127
Local Acts 128
Local Acts Affecting Building Control 130
London Port Authority 131
Means of Escape 132
Outer London Boroughs 132
Passing Plans that do not Comply 133
Plans for Building Control 133
Rackrent 134
Raising of Chimneys 134
Refuse Facilities 134
Relaxations off Building Control 135
Retaining Walls: Greater London 135
Section 36 Notice 136
Short-Lived Materials 136
Testing of Soil, Building Materials etc 136
Time Limit on Deposited Plans 137
Chapter 8. Environmental Control 138
Introduction 138
Fireplaces: Approved Appliances 138
Fuel: Authorised Types 139
Furnace Chimneys 139
Intruder Alarms 139
Noise Abatement Order 139
Noise Abatement Zones 140
Pesticides 140
Pollution of Rivers and Streams 140
Pollution of Waterways 141
Radioactive Waste Pollution 141
Refuse Collection and Disposal 141
Smoke Control Areas 142
Special Waste 142
Streams and Ponds: Cleaning 143
Chapter 9. Health and Safety 144
Introduction 144
Health and Safety at Work etc Act 144
Accidents 145
Dangerous Occurrences 146
Diseases 146
First Aid 146
Flammable Gas 147
Flammable Liquids 147
Flammable Liquids: Fire Precautions 147
Inspectors 148
Safety Policy Statements 148
Safety Representatives and Safety Committees 149
Chapter 10. Housing 150
Introduction 150
Assured Tenancies 151
Clearance Areas 151
Closing Order 151
Common Parts Grants 152
Compulsory Purchase 152
Covenants on Conversions 152
Defective Dwellings 153
Defective Premises 153
Demolition Order 154
Earth Closets 155
Fitness for Habitation 155
General Improvement Areas 156
Housing Action Areas 156
Housing Associations 157
Housing Corporation 158
Housing Grants 158
Improvement Grants 159
Improvement Notice 159
Intermediate Grants 160
Multiple Occupancy: Management off Dwellings 161
Multiple Occupancy off Dwellings: Control 161
Multiple Occupancy of Dwellings: Defects 162
Multiple Occupancy of Dwellings: Fire Precautions 162
Obstructive Building Order 163
Overcrowding off Dwellings 163
Repair Notice 164
Repairs Grants 164
Right to Buy 164
Right to Buy: Designated Areas 165
Right to Repair in Secure Tenancies 165
Rooms Below Water Table 165
Secure Tenancies 166
Sleeping Space Standards 166
Special Grants 167
Standard Amenities 167
Thermal Insulation Grants 168
Time and Place Notice 168
Underground Rooms 169
Undertaking to Make Fit 169
Well Maintained Houses 169
Chapter 11. Building Types 172
Introduction 172
Access for the Disabled 172
Cinemas and Film Exhibitions 174
Commercial Developments 174
Crematoria 174
Dogs and Cats 174
Factories 175
Factories: Access for the Disabled 175
Factories: Construction 176
Factories: Fire Certificates 177
Factories: Hoists and Lifts 177
Factories: Welfare Facilities 178
Factories: Working Conditions 178
Fire Certificates: New Legislation 179
Food Premises 179
Food Premises: Hygiene 180
Food Premises: Maintenance 181
Health Buildings on Crown Land 181
Horses 181
Hospitals: Private 182
Hotels 182
Hotels: Fire Certificates 182
Industrial Developments 183
Nursing and Residential Homes 183
Nursing Homes and Hospitals: Private 184
Offices 184
Offices: Access for the Disabled 184
Offices: Fire Certificates 185
Offices: Hoists, Lifts and Stairs 186
Offices: Welfare 186
Schools: Access for the Disabled 190
Schools: Construction 190
Schools: Playing Fields 191
Schools: Teaching Facilities 191
Schools: Playgrounds 191
Shops 192
Shops: General Requirements 192
Sports Grounds 192
Sports Grounds: Certificates 193
Sports Grounds: Covered Stands 194
Wild Animals as Pets 194
Chapter 12. On the Site 196
Introduction 196
Asbestos 196
Controlled Waste 197
Damages: Joint Liability 197
Flammable liquids and LPG 197
Guard Dogs 197
Improvement Notices 198
Noise Control 198
Notification of Works 199
Prohibition Notices: Health and Safety 199
Reporting Injuries and Dangerous Occurances 200
Safety: Constrution Regulations 200
Safety on Site 201
Safety: Working Conditions 202
Site Fires 202
Site Lifting Gear 203
Vehicles on Footpaths 203
Waste from Construction Sites 203
Welfare on Building Sites 204
Chapter 13. In the Office 206
Introduction 206
Advice to the Client 206
Arbitration 207
Architects' Registration 207
Breach of Contract 208
Business Names 208
Changes in Partnership 208
Contract 209
Copyright 210
Corporate Partnerships 210
Cost Limits: Preparing Plans 211
Data Protection: Coverage 211
Data Protection: Exempted Data 212
Data Protection: Principles 212
Data Protection: Registration 213
Deed of Partnership 213
Employing Experts 214
Employment Agencies 214
Group Partnership 215
Income Tax: Cars 215
Latent Damage 216
Liability 216
Liability off a Principal for his Assistant 217
Limitations off Liability 217
Limited Partnerships 218
Measurement: Metric Units 218
Music while you Work 219
Negligence: Shared Responsibility 219
Office Equipment 220
Partner to Partner 220
Partners' Liabilities 221
Partnership Bankruptcy 222
Partnership by Association 222
Partnership by Representation 222
Partnerships 222
Partnerships: Constraints 223
Professional Negligence: Duty of Care 224
Property off a Partnership 225
Rateable Value 225
Salaried Partner 225
Sleeping Partner 226
Sub-Partnerships 226
Supervision on Site 226
Chapter 14. Employment Law: an Introduction 228
Chapter 15. Employment: Staff and their Conditions of Employment 230
Continuous Employment 230
Contract of Employment 231
Employer and Employee 232
Probationary Period 233
Conditions of Employment: Selecting Staff 234
Chapter 16. Employment: Payment and Benefits 236
Introduction 236
Certification of Sickness 236
Deductions from Salary 237
Equal Pay 238
Errors in Statutory Sick Ray 239
Holidays 239
Itemized Ray Statement 240
Leaver's Statement 240
Maternity Leave: Right to Return to Work 241
Maternity Pay (SMP) 242
Maternity Rights 243
Part Time Staff: Sick Ray 244
Payment in Cash 244
Payment of Statutory Sick Pay 244
Period of Incapacity for Work 245
Qualifying Days 246
Reclaiming Statutory Maternity Pay 246
Reclaiming Statutory Sick Pay 246
Records off Sick Ray 247
Salaries 247
Sick Pay 248
Time off for Jury Service 248
Time off for Pre-Natal Care 248
Time off for Official and other Duties 249
Time off for Those Facing Redundancy 250
Chapter 17. Employment: Discrimination 252
Introduction 252
Convicted Criminals 252
Disabled People 253
Race and Sex Discrimination 253
Trades Union Members 254
Chapter 18. Employment: Dismissal 256
Introduction 256
Dismissal: the Process 256
Dismissal: what it Is 257
Disciplinary Procedures: the ACAS Code 257
Ability of the Employee 258
Change off Ownership 259
Conduct off the Employee 259
Constructive Dismissal 259
Dismissal without Notice 260
Fair Dismissal 260
Industrial Disputes 261
Interim Relief 262
Notice 262
Pregnancy 263
Redundancy 263
Redundancy: Length of Service 264
Redundancy Payments 264
Redundancy Procedures 265
Redundancy: Protective Awards 266
Redundancy: Reclaiming Payments 266
Redundancy: Short Time Working 267
Redundancy: Week's Pay 267
Replacement Staff 267
Trades Union Membership 268
Unfair Dismissal 269
Chapter 19. 
270 
Introduction 270
Applicants 270
Costs 271
Decisions 271
Hearings 271
Joinder 272
Respondents 272
Reviews and Appeals 273
Table of Statutes 274
Table of Statutory Instruments 277
Selected Bibliography 281
Index 283