The Beginning of Human Life

I. General Perspectives.- Medical Aspects of the Beginning of Individual Lives.- The Beginning of Full Moral Standing.- Legal Aspects of the Beginning of Human Life.- Development of the Human Brain: The Emergence of the Neural Substrate for Pain Perception and Conscious Experience.- The Moral Significance of Brain-Life Criteria.- II. Assisted Reproductive Technology.- Assisted Reproductive Technologies of the 1980s and 1990s: The State of the Art and a Look at the Future.- Human Reproductive Technology: Why All the Moral Fuss?.- Gestational Surrogacy and the Health Care Provider.- III. Contraception and Abortion.- The Beginning of Human Life: Contraceptive Implications.- Abortion: A Public Health Perspective.- Abortion and Contraception: The Moral Significance of Fertilization.- Contraception and Abortion: Legal Distinctions and Dynamics.- IV. Fetal Research and Fetal Tissue.- The Use of Human Fetal Tissue for Research and Therapy.- Restriction and Suppression of Fetal and Pre-Embryo Research, 1974–1990.- Two Problems in Embryo Research.- Fetal Tissue Transplantation and Women.- Fetal Tissue Transplantation: An Institutional Review Board Perspective.- V. Medical, Ethical, and Legal Aspects of Maternal/Fetal Relationships.- Primary Care Fetal Medicine.- Court-Ordered Cesarean Delivery.- Pregnant Drug Addicts.- Women’s Rights versus the Protection of Fetuses.- The Mother and Fetus Union: What God Has Put Together, Let No Law Put Asunder?.- Coercion for Fetal Therapy?.- VI. Rights and Obligations Related to the Beginning of Individual Human Lives.- When Care Cannot Cure: Medical Problems in Seriously Ill Babies.- Transplantation and the Anencephalic Newborn.- Life-and-Death Decisions in the Midst of Uncertainty.- When is Medical Treatment Futile?.- Treatment Decisionsfor Premature and Disabled Newborns: Hard Cases Make Bad Law.