The Hamburg Lectures on Maritime Affairs 2007 & 2008 (eBook)

Preface 6
Contents 7
Contributors 8
Part I: The Hamburg Lectures 2007 11
Civil Liability and Compensation for Environmental Damage in the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea 12
I. State Responsibility under the 1982 Convention 12
II. Liability beyond State Responsibility 13
III. The Rationale of the Civil Liability Approach 14
IV. The Use of Civil Liability in International Instruments relating toDamage to the Marine Environment 16
V. An Example of the Civil Liability Approach: The 1969 Conventionon Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage 17
New Developments in the Field of Transport of Dangerous Goods: Presence and Prospects of the CRTD Convention 18
I. Oil Pollution Damage: CLC and IFC 18
II. Hazardous and Noxious Substances: HNS 20
III. Dangerous Goods: CRTD 22
IV. The Dutch Solution: Domestic Law in Book 8 and 6 CC 25
V. Restoration of the CRTD 27
VI. Conclusions 29
Uniform Law and Conflicts in Private Enforcement of Environmental Law: the Maritime Sector and Beyond 30
I. Origin and evolution of the uniform liability regime concerning oilpollution damage: the role of the practice and the emergence of asolidaristic approach 31
II. Codification and implementation of the mutualistic compensationsystem through private agreements and uniform law mechanisms 34
III. Unilateral choices in the United States of America, furtherevolution of the 1992 CLC-FUND scheme and the role played byprivate interests 39
IV. The Bunker Convention and the completion of the liability regimeregarding oil pollution damage 45
V. Choice of forum and choice of law in environmental litigationoutside the maritime sector: an overview of recent developmentsin international and EC law 47
VI. Directive No 35/2004 on environmental liability and its impact onchoice of forum and choice of law relating to transfrontierpollution 51
VII. The law applicable to liability for environmental torts inRegulation No 864/2007 (“Rome II”): an appraisal 55
VIII. Selected bibliography 59
Part II :The Hamburg Lectures 2008 61
The Athens Convention on Passenger Liability and the EU* 62
I. The International Regulation 63
1. The Convention 63
2. The Athens Implementation Guidelines 64
II. EU and the Convention 65
III. Some Implementation Issues 68
1. Jurisdiction and Recognition Issues 68
a) Introduction 68
b) The Actions 69
c) Multiple Fora 69
d) Actions Against Insurers, etc. 70
e) at the Option of the Claimant . 70
f) provided that the Court is State Party . 71
g) proper Venue within those States . 71
h) Domicile Forum 72
i) Departure or Destination Fora 72
j) Plaintiff’s Domicile Forum 73
k) Contract Signing Forum 73
l) Forum Agreements 73
m) Recognition and Enforcement 74
n) Conclusion 74
2. Global Limitation Issues 75
3. Issues concerning Amendments and Options 76
a) Introduction 76
b) General Amendment Procedure 77
c) National Enhancement of per capita Limits 77
d) Amendments to the Guidelines 78
4. Scope Issues 79
IV. Ratification Issues 81
International Civil Litigation and the Pollution of the Marine Environment 83
I. Introduction 83
II. Limitation Conventions 84
III. Beneficiaries of Limitation or Immunity 87
IV. An Intermezzo: Commune de Mesquer v. Total 89
V. Patchwork of Limitation Regimes 92
VI. Claims Subject to Limitation 92
VII. Claim Categories and Limitation Funds 93
VIII. Procedural Complications 98
IX. Jurisdiction 98
X. Optional Nature of Right to Invoke Limitation of Liability 100
XI. Limitation Proceedings 102
XII. Recognition of Limitation Fund 105
Annex I: Decision of the Maritime and Commercial Court of Copenhagen of 11 May 2005 (The “Uno” Case) 109
Statement of Claim 109
The Decision of the Court 112
IT IS HELD THAT 116
Annex II: Decision of the First Chamber of the Hoge Raad of29 September 2006, No. C05/147 HRJ MH/MK 117
1. The proceedings in the fact-finding courts 117
2. The proceedings in the cassation appeal 118
3. Evaluation of the appeal 118
4. Decision 123
Some Current Developments in International Maritime Arbitration 125
I. Introduction 126
II. The Arbitration Agreement in International Maritime Arbitration 128
1. Introduction 128
2. The Case of the Incorporation by Reference of an ArbitrationAgreement Embodied in a Third Contract in International MaritimeArbitration 131
a) Introduction 131
b) The Issue of the Charterparty’s Arbitration Agreement beingIncorporated by Reference into the Bill of Lading. 134
aa) England 135
bb) United States of America. 140
cc) France 146
dd) Other countries. 150
III. Arbitrators in International Maritime Arbitration 152
1. Introduction 152
2. About Certain Peculiarities as regards the Arbitrator inInternational Maritime Arbitration 153
a) The Number of Arbitrators in International Maritime Arbitration 153
b) Certain Basic Traits of the Arbitrator in International Maritimearbitration: Selection of the Arbitrator’s Features by the Parties 157
3. Impartiality and Independence of Arbitrators in InternationalMaritime Arbitration 163
IV. The Arbitration Procedure 165
1. Introduction 165
2. Time-Limit for Commencing International Maritime Arbitration 166
a) Time Limit for Bringing Suit before the Arbitration Tribunal Agreedby the Parties. 166
b) Legal Time-Limits. 172
V. The Law Applicable to the Merits of the Dispute 175
1. Introduction 175
2. The Scope of Acceptance of Party Autonomy in InternationalMaritime Arbitration 176
3. Party Autonomy and Legal Standard of Liability of the Carrier 176
The Peaceful Settlement of Disputes on Maritime Delimitation 182
I. Introduction 183
1. The Need for Defining the Subject 183
2. What is Maritime Delimitation? 183
3. What is Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes? 183
4. The Importance of the Peaceful Settlement of Disputes in the Fieldof Maritime Delimitation 184
5. Outline 185
II. The International Law of Maritime Delimitation and Related Ruleson Dispute Settlement 185
1. The Geneva Law of the Sea Conventions 185
a) Substantive Rules 185
b) Rules on Dispute Settlement 187
2. Maritime Delimitations in the 1982 UN Convention on the Law ofthe Sea 187
a) Substantive Rules 187
b) Rules on Dispute Settlement 189
III. Evolving Case-Law on Maritime Delimitation 190
1. Introduction 190
2. North Sea Continental Shelf Cases (1969, sketch-map 1) 191
3. The Continental Shelf Delimitation, France and United Kingdom(1977/1978, sketch-map 2) 192
4. The Tunisia/Libya Case (1982, sketch-map 3) 193
5. The Jan Mayen Case (1993, sketch-map 4) 195
6. Contemporary Case-Law 196
7. Conclusions 196
IV. Conclusion: How Should Maritime Delimitation Disputes beSettled? 198
About the International Max Planck Research School for Maritime Affairs at the University of Hamburg 200