Individual Criminal Responsibility for Core International Crimes (eBook)

Table of Contents 5
Acknowledgements 13
Part I- General 15
1 Introduction 16
1.1 Opening Remarks and Objectives 16
1.2 Overview and Target Audience 21
2 Germane Considerations 24
2.1 Introductory Remarks 24
2.2 Meaning of ‘Individually Criminally Responsible’ 25
2.3 Objectives of Individual Criminal Responsibility for Core International Crimes 28
2.4 Sources of, and Judicial Precedent in, International Criminal Law 40
2.5 Definition Of Core International Crimes 69
2.6 Evolution of Individual Criminal Responsibility for Core International Crimes 98
Part II- Selected Pertinent Issues 138
3 The Joint Criminal Enterprise Doctrine: A “ Monster Theory of Liability” or a Legitimate and Satisfactory Tool in the Prosecution of the Perpetrators of Core International Crimes? 140
3.1 Introduction and Overview 140
3.2 Terminology 143
3.3 History 145
3.4 The JCED Before the Ad Hoc Tribunals and as Contained in Other Instruments 149
3.5 Distinguishing the JCE Concept from Other Modes of Liability/ Crimes 195
3.6 Issues Arising in Relation to the JCED from a Review of the JCED Jurisprudence 206
3.7 Critique of the JCED 247
4 The Defining Criteria of International Criminal Courts for the Purposes of Lifting State Official Immunity 276
4.1 Introduction 276
4.2 Scope, Aim and Overview 280
4.3 Terminology 283
4.4 Yerodia Case 284
4.5 Defining Criteria of an International Criminal Judicial Body 286
4.6 Analysis of Hybrid Criminal Judicial Bodies 347
4.7 Final Note 367
4.8 Conclusion 370
5 Individual Criminal Responsibility for Terrorism as a Crime against Humanity: An Appropriate Expansive Adaptation of the Subject Matter of Core International Crimes? 372
5.1 Introduction and Overview 372
5.2 Clarification 374
5.3 Individual Criminal Responsibility for Terrorism: Defining the Categories of Criminalisation 376
5.4 Individual Criminal Responsibility for Terrorism, as a Distinct Crime 376
5.5 Individual Criminal Responsibility for Certain Manifestations of Terrorism 388
5.6 Individual Criminal Responsibility for Terrorism, as a War Crime 388
5.7 Individual Criminal Responsibility for Terrorism, as Genocide 389
5.8 Individual Criminal Responsibility for Terrorism, as a Crime Against Humanity 389
5.9 Other Issues Relating to the Prosecution of Terrorism Before the ICC 409
5.10 Appropriate Expansive Adaptation of Core International Crimes? 415
6 Summary 418
6.1 Introduction 418
6.2 Summary 418
6.3 Significance of Conclusions 424
Bibliography 426
Jurisprudence 452
Index 466