Environmental and Energy Law

Karen E. Makuch is lecturer in environmental law and energy law in the Centre for Environmental Policy at Imperial College London, where she teaches postgraduate courses on Environmental Analysis & Assessment, Pollution Management and Global Environmental Change & Policy. She has a wide-range of experience in the practical application of EU Environmental Law and its implementation, including in new and potential EU Member States. Ricardo Pereira (LLM, Ph.D.) is Lecturer in Environmental & Energy Law in the Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London. He also convenes and lectures in the LLM in Environmental Law in the Law School at Queen Mary, University of London, on International Natural Resources Law and the International Law of the Sea.

Notes on the Contributors ix

Preface xv

List of Abbreviations xvii

Part One Introduction 1

1 Introduction 3
Karen E. Makuch and Ricardo Pereira

Questions and activities 32

Part Two Innovation, Sustainability and the Law 35

2 Sustainable Development and Best Available Techniques in International and European Law 37
Panos Merkouris

3 Environmental Regulation, Business Competitiveness and Corporate Responsibility 61
Ricardo Pereira

4 A Legal Framework for Clean Technology Transfer and Finance 75
Helena Wright and Ricardo Pereira

5 Technology Innovation and the Law – the Example of Climate Adaptation Technologies 92
Katrin Glatzel, Helena Wright, and Zen Makuch

Questions and activities 115

Part Three Sustainable Energy and Climate Change Law 117

6 Sustainable Energy Law and Policy 119
Matthew Leach and Sandip Deshmukh

7 International and EU Climate Change Law 141
Ricardo Pereira and Charlotte Jourdain

8 UK Climate Change Law and Policy 172
Karen E. Makuch, Zen Makuch, Ricardo Pereira, and Charlotte Jourdain

Questions and activities 193

Part Four Exploration and Exploitation Of Energy Resources 197

9 The Exploration and Exploitation of Energy Resources in International Law 199
Ricardo Pereira

10 Occupational Health and Safety Law: the Oil and Gas Industry 225
John Paterson

11 Energy Agreements – Force Majeure and Hardship Clauses 240
Isabelle Fellrath and Frank Spoorenberg

Questions and activities 253

Part Five Clean Technologies And The Clean Development Mechanism 255

12 Carbon Capture and Storage Technologies – An Overview and Some Key Issues 257
Tim Cockerill

13 Carbon Capture and Storage Liability 270
Zen A. Makuch, Slavina Z. Georgieva and Behdeen Oraee-Mirzamani

14 The Clean Development Mechanism – Legal and Contractual Framework in CDM Renewable Energy Projects 288
Kenneth Aidelojie, Chuan Tze-Teo, Zen Makuch and Ricardo Pereira

Questions and activities 311

Part Six Waste, Water, Air Quality Management And Pollution Control 313

15 Solid Waste Management and Regulation 315
Arturo Castillo-Castillo

16 Water Management and Regulation 347
Dieudonne-Guy Ohandja and Alexandra Collins

17 Integrated Pollution and Control – the Industrial Emissions Directive 368
Iain MacLean

18 The Law and Practice of Air Quality Management 393
Zen Makuch and Marilena Karyampa

19 Contaminated Land and Regulation 418
Owen Lewis

Questions and activities 434

Part Seven The Regulation Of Chemicals And Laboratory Safety 437

20 The Regulation of Nanotechnologies 439
Sekai Ngarize, Karen E. Makuch and Ricardo Pereira

21 Environmental Law Standards and Principles of Good Laboratory Practice for Environmental Protection 465
Elizabeth Prichard and Karen E. Makuch

Questions and activities 487

Part Eight Governance, Impact Assessment, Compliance And Enforcement in Environmental Law 489

22 Planning, Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) 491
Martin Birt and Steven Smith

23 Regulating Environmental Information and Environmental Data 508
Karen E. Makuch

24 Corporate Disclosure and Environmental Sustainability in Comparative Law 534
Nikzad Oraee-Mirzamani and Zen Makuch

25 Compliance and Enforcement in International, European and National Environmental Law 561
Ricardo Pereira

Questions and activities 577

Part Nine Case Studies On Environmental Law Implementation 579

26 Case Studies 581
Karen E. Makuch

Questions and activities 590

Index 591