Sex and Longevity: Sexuality, Gender, Reproduction, Parenthood

A central concept in the evolutionary theory of senescence is the idea that ageing results from life-history trade-offs. In particular, the disposable soma theory suggests that longevity is determined through the setting of longevity assurance mechanisms so as to provide an optimal compromise between investments in somatic maintenance (including stress resistance) and in reproduction. Comparative studies among mammalian species confirm that cells from long-lived species appear to have a greater intrinsic capacity to withstand stresses than cells from short-lived species. Childbearing at older ages has become increasingly common in modern societies because of demographic changes, medical progress and personal choice. While the detrimental effects of late reproduction on infant mortality and genetic diseases have been well documented, little is known about the possible postponed detrimental effects of late parenting. TOC:Human longevity at the cost of reproductive success: trade-offs in the life history.- Human longevity and parental age at conception.- Gender-linked effects on the inheritance of longevity. A population-based study: Valserine valley XVIII - XXth centuries.- Genes and centenarians.- Evolutionary ecology of the human female life history.- Caretaking, risk-seeking, and survival in anthropoid primates.- The ecology of menopause.- Androgen deficiency in aging males and healthy aging.- Patterns of childbearing and mortality in Norwegian women.- Sex differentials in the evolution of life expectancy and health in older age.