Matter and Methods at Low Temperatures

This textbook contains a wealth of information essential for successful experiments at low temperatures. The first chapters describe the low-temperature properties of liquid and solid matter, including liquid helium. The major part of the book is devoted to refrigeration techniques and the physics on which they rely, the definition of temperature, thermometry, and a variety of design and construction techniques. The lively style and practical basis of this text make it easy to read and particularly useful to anyone beginning research in low-temperature physics. Low-temperature scientisits will find it of great value due to its extensive compilation of materials data and relevant new results from thermometry and materials properties as well as many additional references. This edition also includes " problems" .