Advances in Nuclear Physics

1 Experimental Methods for Studying Nuclear Density Distributions.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Nuclear Charge Distributions.- 2.1. Electron Scattering.- 2.2. Muonic Atoms.- 2.3. Electronic X Rays.- 2.4. Optical Isotope Shifts.- 2.5. Comparisons and Comments.- 3. Information on Specific Orbitals.- 3.1. Coulomb Displacement Energies.- 3.2. Nucleon Transfer Reactions.- 3.3. Charge-Exchange Reactions to Analog States.- 3.4. Magnetic Scattering of Electrons.- 3.5. Comparisons and Comments.- 4. Information on the Periphery of the Nucleus.- 4.1. Kaonic and Antiprotonic Atoms.- 4.2. Pionic Atoms.- 4.3. K? and $$/bar{p}$$ Reactions with Nuclei.- 4.4. Comments.- 5. Information on the Nuclear Surface.- 5.1. Total and Reaction Cross Sections at High Energies.- 5.2. Model-Independent Methods for the Analysis of Scattering Experiments.- 5.3. Folding Model Approaches to the Optical Potential.- 5.4. Low- and Medium-Energy Proton Scattering 95 5.5. Diffraction Scattering of Low- and Medium-Energy Alpha Particles.- 5.6. Scattering of Intermediate-Energy Pions.- 5.7. Scattering of Low-Energy Antiprotons.- 6. Toward the Nuclear Interior.- 6.1. Intermediate-Energy Alpha-Particle Scattering.- 6.2. Double-Folding versus Single-Folding in Analyses of Complex Particle Scattering and the Choice of the Interaction.- 6.3. Scattering of Intermediate-Energy Protons.- 6.4. Scattering of Low-Energy Pions.- 7. Future Methods and Probes.- 7.1. Combined Analysis of Different Types of Experiments.- 7.2. K+ Scattering.- 8. Concluding Remarks.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 2 The Meson Theory of Nuclear Forces and Nuclear Structure.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Historical Overview.- 2.1. The "Hypothetical" Period.- 2.2. The Pion as the Quantum.- 2.3. "Dispersive" Approaches.- 2.4. A Tale of Two Cities.- 2.5. More Recent Developments.- 3. Pedagogical Introduction.- 3.1. Empirical Features of the Nuclear Force.- 3.2. The Idea of Massive-Particle Exchange.- 3.3. Field Theory, Perturbation Theory, and Feynman Diagrams.- 3.4. Various Boson Fields and their Role in NN.- 4. The One-Boson Exchange Model.- 4.1. Covariant Equations.- 4.2. Meson Parameters and Two-Nucleon Properties.- 5. Advanced Meson Exchange Models.- 5.1. Models for the 2? Exchange.- 5.2. ?? Contributions.- 5.3. Other Two-Meson-Exchange Contributions.- 5.4. Results.- 5.5. Off-Shell Aspects.- 6. Charge Dependence.- 6.1. Introduction.- 6.2. Empirical Evidence.- 6.3. Some Results from Theory.- 7. Nucleon-Nucleon Scattering above the Inelastic Threshold.- 7.1. At Intermediate Energies.- 7.2. The GeV Region.- 8. Some Related Hadronic Interactions.- 8.1. Pion-Nucleon Scattering.- 8.2. The $$N/bar{N}$$ Potential.- 8.3. Strange Nuclear Interactions.- 9. Nuclear Matter I-Conventional.- 9.1. Introduction.- 9.2. History of the Conventional Many-Body Problem.- 9.3. Conventional Theories.- 9.4. Results and Problems.- 10. Nuclear Matter II-Beyond Convention.- 10.1. Possible Extensions.- 10.2. Meson Degrees of Freedom.- 10.3. Isobar Degrees of Freedom.- 10.4. Many-Body Forces.- 10.5. Relativistic Effects.- 11. Finite Nuclei.- 11.1. The Three-Nucleon System.- 11.2. The Ground State of Closed-Shell Nuclei.- 11.3. Excited States.- 12. Summary, Conclusions, and Outlook.- Acknowledgments.- Appendix A: One-Boson Exchange Potentials.- A.1. Interaction Lagrangians and OBE Amplitudes.- A.2. Relativistic Momentum Space OBEP.- A.3. Coordinate Space Potentials.- Appendix B: Models Including Isobar Degrees of Freedom.- Appendix C: Deuteron Wave Functions.- References.